KhAZANDAHO

KhAZANDAHO (Reptilia), yak sinfi jonvaroni muhradorro guyand. Xazandaho az qadimtarin obkhokiho paydo shuda, dar bayni muhradoron avvalin jonvaroneand, ki ba hayoti khushki mutobiq gashtaand.

Ba khazandahoi muosir sangpushtho, timsoho, nulsarho (tuatara) va pulakchadorho (kaltakalosho, moruo va amfisbenoviho, ki amfisbenu trogonofisro dar bar megirand) mansuband. Aksari khazandaho dar khushki (joyhoi kushodi oftobi va az jumla, biyobonhoi beobu giyoh) zindagi mekunand. Joi zisti hamai timsohho va bisyor sangpushtho kulu daryo va botloqzor ast; baze sangpushtu morho dar bahr hayot meguzaronand. Gizoi aksar khazandaho hayvonot (mohi, jonvaroni bemuhrai obi, hasharot, obkhokiho, parrandagonu shirkhuroni khurd va kalon va gayru) ast; bazeashon hayvonotu nabotot va sangpushthoi khushkigard boshand, faqat rastani mekhurand. Bisyor khazandaho tukhmguzorand; bazeashon tukhmzindazo yo zindazoand. Davrai az tukhm baromadanashon az 1—2 moh to 1 sol ast.
Khazandahoi munqariz. Guruhi nisbatan qadim va soddai khazandaho kotplozavrho meboshand. Okhiri davrai karboni erai paleozoy khazandahoi darrandashakl (dar trias az onho shirkhurho paydo shudand) va dar erai mezozoy hamai namudhoi khazandaho (az jumla khazandahoi hozira) paydo shudand. Guruhi nisbatan gunogun va pahngashtai khazandahoi erai mezozoy arkhozavruo budand. Okhiri erai mezozoy aksar guruhhoi khazandaho nobud shudand.
Az pusti timsoh, mor va kaltakaloshoi kalon poyafzol, jomadon va gayra tayyor karda, gushti bazei onhoro mekhurand. Az zahri mor doruhoi gunogun tayyor mekunand. Kaltakalosho hasharot, vale morho khoyandahoi zararnokro nest karda foida meorand. Alhol baze khazandaho (timsoh, baze sangpushtho) khele kam shudaand.
Dar RSS Tojikiston 44 namudi khazandaho mavjud ast. Onho beshtar dar dashtu biyobon zindagi mekunand. 19 namudi khazandahoi Tojikiston ba «Kitobi surkhi RSS Tojikiston» dokhil shudaast. Dar qatorkuhhoi Vakhsh izi khazandahoi munqariz (masalan, izi dinozavrhoi azimjussa, ki chand mln sol qabl az in dar in jo zindagi kardaand) yoft shudaast.
Adabiyot: Chernov S. I., Fauna Tadjikskoy SSR, t. XVIII, Presmikayushiesya, Stalinabad, 1059; Soidaliev S. L.. Zemnovodnie i presmikayushiesya Tadjikistana, Dushanbe, 1970. I. Abdusalomov.