KhALIFA

KhALIFA (arabi —noib, joynishin), sardori davlati diniyu teokratii musulmoni yo khud khilofatro guyand. Dar ahdi avvali islom va dar sunni sardori jamoai musulmoni baze vazifahoi Muhammadro ba uhda dosht. Har yak khalifa boyad az tarafi jamoa intikhob meshud va hayoti onro muvofiqi shariat ba roh memoyad. Chahor khalifai avval —Abubakr, Umar, Usmon va Aliro «Khulafoi roshidin» menomidald. Minbad sardori davlati Umaviyon, Abbosiyon va Fotimiyonro niz khalifa menomidagi shudand.

Az asri 10 sar karda khalifa shaqat ruhonii jamoai musulmoni bud va amalan hokimiyatro dar dast nadoshg. Bo nomi khalifa sardori baze jarayonhoi diniyu irfoni niz (masalan, khorijiya) mashhurand. Muovini yakumi shohanshoh, ki dar ayni hol sardori tariqati dini dar ahdi Safaviya dar Eron bud, «Khalifatulkhulafo» nomida meshud. Sardori baze raviyahoi darveshi, namoyandai shaykhoni tariqatro dar digar shahrho niz khalifa meguyand. Yak qator jarayonhoi siyosii musulmonii muosir ((Masalan «ikhvonulmuslimin») tajdidi vazifai khalifa va khilofatro sharti barqaror namudani prinsiphoi haqiqii islomi dar hayoti jamiyat meshumorand.
Dar raviyai sunni unvoni khalifa bo imom hammano bud, dar shia unvoni mazkur murodifi khudro nadorad. Dar asri 16 salotini turk khudro khalifa menomidand. In unvon to tanazzuli Imperiyai Usmoniya (soli 1924), vujud dosht.