FARRUKhI

FARRUKhI (Abulhasan Ali ibni Julugi Sistoni (980, Siston—1037, Gaznin), shoiri fors-tojik. Farrukhi az khurdsoli ba shergui pardokhta, zud dar shoiri nom barovard. Ilova bar in u dar changzaniyu ovozkhoni ham hunarmand budaast. Dar justujui mamduh ba darbori hokimi Chagoniyoi Abulmuzaffar omad. Korguzori Abulmuzaffar Amid Asad az mahorati shoirii Farrukhi motu mabhut shud va uro ba nazdi amir burd. Shoir dar bazm qasidahoi «Bo korvoni hulla» va «Doggoh»-ro dar nazdi Abulmuzaffar bo ovozi khushu foram khond. Abyoti muqoddimavii qasidak «Doggoh» chunin ast:

Chun parandi nilgun bar ruy pushad margzor,

Parniyoni haftrang andar sar orad kuhsor.

Khokro chun nofi ohu mushk zoyad beqiyos,

Bedro chun parri tuti barg ruyad beshumor.

Dush vaqti subhidam bui bahor ovard bod,

Habbazo, bodi shamolu khurramo bui bahor…

Amir, ki khud sherfahm budu bazan sher kham ejod mekard, az mazmuni balandi qasidai u ba vajd omada, ba Farrukhi asoi khos, joma va pulu moli ziyode tuhfa dod. Farrukhi ba Gaznin omad va to okhiri umr dar on jo zist. Farrukhi dar darbori Gaznaviyon obruyu etibori ziyode doshta, dar umuri darbori sulton Mahmud ishtirok mekard, hamrohi u borho ba Hinduston rafta bud va dar qasidahoyash doir ba hayoti moddiyu ijtimoi, urfu odat va yodgorihoi tarikhii in kishvar malumot dodaast.

Az Farrukhi devone boqist, ki 213 qasida, 28 gazal, 3 tarjeband, 4 qita va 37 ruboiro dar bar megirad. Qasidai madhi yake az ruknhoi asosii ejodiyoti Farrukhi meboshad. Shoir zimni madh bisyor andeshahoi gumanisti bayon kardaast. Masalan, u ba mamduhon sifathoi vajibi insoniro nisbat doda, ba in vosita onhoro ba karimiyu sakhovatmandi, ilmu adabdusti, hunarparvari va nakukori davat kardaast. Mahorati Farrukhi, alalkhusus dar qasidahoi «Bo korvoni hulla», «Doggoh», «Ayoznoma», «Fathi Sumanot» va «Qasidai marsiya» (dar margi sulton Mahmud) zohir shudaast. Qasidahoi Farrukhi ahamnyati kaloni tarikhi dorand. Onho malumotu sanadhoi farovonero dar bar giriftaand va yake az sarchashmahoi tarikhu madaniyati kishvarhoi Khuroson, Movarounnahr va Hinduston hisob meyoband.

Farrukhi dar qasida beshtar ba tagazzul ahamiyat dodaast. Muhaqqiqon Farrukhiro «khudovandi tashbibu tagazvul» donistaand. Tagazzuloti Farrukhi dar mavzuhoi ishq, tasviri tabiat, faslhoi sol, va gayra talif yoftaand. Farrukhi dar tasviri tabiat aksar ba ashyovu anosire diqqat dodaast, ki az yagon jihat ba zindagii inson, orzuyu, omol, tabu zavq va digar pahluhoi olami botinii u qarobate dorand. Farrukhi dar inshoi tarjeband niz mahorat doshta, az bayni muosiron tanho u in janrro inkishof dodaast. Dar in bobat u davomdihandai ananai Rudaki budaast.

Dar ejodiyoti Farrukhi ruboi niz mavqei kalon dorad. U mahz dar ruboi ba tasviri hayoti mardumi oddi, khidmatgoronu kanizon nazdik shudaast. Dar onho ehsosu andeshahoi latifi oshiqona va talqini khushguzaronii umr va hayot ifoda yoftaast.

Ashori Farrukhi ruhi balandi gumanisti va vatanparvari dorad. Farrukhi zodgohi khud — Sistonro hamchun zamini nomdoronu pahlavonon sitoish karda, ba sifati khodimi siyosii darbor baroi obodii on mekushid.

Uslubi sheri Farrukhiro tazkiranavison va olimon «sahli mumtane» guftaand. Istifodai tashbehu istiorahoi dilnishin, obrazhoi voqeinu reali, zarbulmasalu maqolho, ifodayu tabirhoi guftugui, kalomi ravonu khushohang az jihathoi muhimmi uslubi ejodii Farrukhi meboshand. Farrukhi dar istifodai sanathoi badei, makhsusan tashbequ tavsif, mahorati bemisl zohir kardaast.

Adabiyot: Mulloahmadov M. Farrukhii Sistoni. Dushanbe, 1978; Abdulloev A., Adabiyoti forsu tojik dar nimai avvali asri XI, Dushanbe, 1979;

A. Abdulloev.