EPIKUR

EPIKUR (Epikuros; 341 to m., haz. Samos—270 to m., Afina), faylasufi materialist Yunoni Qadim. Az s. 306 dar Afina zindagi karda, maktabi falsafiro tasis namud. Az E. chand maktub, aforizmho va vasiyatnomaho boqi mondaand. E. falsafaro az fizika, nazariyai marifati va akhloq iborat medonad. Dar fizika u payravi nazariyai zarrahoi Demokrit buda, harakati girdobii atomhoro ba harakati ozod ivaz kard va mafhumi «vazn»-i atomro kafsh namud. E. mavjudiyati khudohoro dar olami ulvi pazirufta, dakholati onhoro ba olami sifli tamoman rad kard. Dar akhloq u odamonro ba zindagii zohidona davat namuda, maqsadi hayotro dar osudagii ruh, saodatmandiyu khayrkhohi, beranji va qanoatmandii odamon mebinad. Dar nazariyai marifat E. sonsualizmro tarafdori namuda, darki padidahoi tabiatro sababi az tarsu vahm, gamu anduh va khurofotu din ozod shudani inson medonad.