ChARVAKA

ChARVAKA (sanskr.), lokayata, maktabi ateistiyu materialistii falsafai Hindustoni qadimro guyand. On nishondodhoi Vedalo va nuqtahoi asosii onro rad namuda, tamomi olamro mahsuli chor nakhust unsur — havo, otash, ob, khok meshumorad. Bazan efirro niz ilova menamoyad. Charvaka ba prinsiphoi materialisti takya karda, mavjudiyati quvvahoi favquttabii, khudoho, iblis, manfiati qurboniho va g.-ro rad mekard. Shankara talimoti Charvakaro chunin sharh medihad: «Ba juz in olam yagon olami digar vujud nadorad, bihishtu duzakh nest.

Charvakiho masalai asosii nazariyai marifat — manbai donishi mutamad va haqqoniyati muhokimahoi umumiro ba miyon guzoshtand. Onho aqidai idealistii mustaqiliyati ruh va novobasta az tan vujud doshtani onro inkor mekardand. Tavajjuh ba talimoti Charvaka, ki dar risolahoi falsafii asrhoi 8—11 Hinduston mushohida meshud, ba inkishofi donishhoi sirf nazariyavi va intishori talimoti takhayuli (mayyavada) vobasta bud. Charvaka nisbat ba raviyahoi nazariyavi va aqidahoi takhayuli yagona maktabi realistie bud, ki olamro darkshavanda elon namuda, moddaro voqeiyati reali mepindosht va maqsadi asosii mavjudiyatro zavqu shavqi insoni medonist.