BOTIN

BOTIN (arabi — darun, pinhon, roz), istilohest dar farhangi islomi roje ba doroi manoi nuhufta va asli budani ashyovu mavjudot. Roje ba Botin dar tasavvuf nazari­yai makhsus vujud dorad. Orifon Botinro kheshtani kheshi odami va jahonu inson va hama ashyovu padidahoro doroi zohiru Botin donista, mutaqid ba olami zohir va olami Botin, ilmi zohir va ilmi Botin, ulamoi zohir va ulamoi Botin, iqomati zohiri va botini, tahorati zohiri va botini, nemathoi zohiriyu botini va gayra meboshand. Az nigohi onho zohir shariat ast, Botin – haqiqat; iqomati zohiri rioyai shariat va iqomati botini nafyi mosivalloh ast. Olami zohir jahoni hasti va olami Botin manaviyoti inson ast. Masalan, Mahmudi Shabistari shariatro pust (zohir), haqiqatro magz (Botin) va tariqatro ravishi makhsusi sayr az zohir ba Botin meshumorad:

Shariat pustu magz omad haqiqat,

Miyoni inu on boshad tariqat.

Ilmi Botin donish ba maknunot (chizhoi pinhonu nuhuf­ta), movaroi mahsusot, berun az fahmi aksari mardum, voridoti zehni va ahvoli qalb donista meshavad, ki har kas ba vositai tarbiyai nafs va mujohadai zehni metavonad onro kasb namoyad. Ilmi Bakhvolro Horisi Muhosibi dar talifoti khud mufassal bayon kardaast. Hakim Tirmizi mafhumi irfonii ilmi Bakhvolro dar talimoti hikmati ilohii khud vorid kard. Dar makhazho sufiyon hamchun ashobi Botin yod meshavand. Dar osore, ki baroi rohnamoii sufiyon talif shudaand, az jumla dar talifoti Abubakri Kalobozi, Abunasri Sarroj, Abutolibi Makki, ilmi Botin ba haysi sarchashmai aslii tasavvuf arzyobi gashtaast. Imom Muhammadi Gazzoli dar «Ehyou ulumi-d-din» ilmi Botinro ba du maqula taqsim mekunad: ilmi tasqilu-l-qalb (donishi zangorzudoi az dil), ki mashq va riyozati tarbiyavi buda va ilmi mukoshafa, ki ishroqi khudododi qalb ast. Ibni Arabi niz bar hamin nazar ast. Az nigohi Jaloluddini Rumi insonro zohire hast va botine; Botini inson ruhi ust, ki onro jon guyand va didani on dastur nest. Shiori asosii tariqati naqshbandiya «Ba zohir ba khalq va ba Botin ba Haq budan» ast. Yaqubi Charkhi dar tafsiri lafzi Quronii «iqomat» onro du namud: zohiri va botini arzyobi karda, iqomati zohiriro rioyai ahkomu muqarraroti shari va iqomati botiniro nafyi mosivalloh medonad. Ba andeshai u orif boyad zohiru Botini khud­ro pok dorad va az iltifot ba gayri hazrati Uluhiyat dur boshad, to Botini u chun zohirash gardad.

Az nigohi mutaqidoni nazariyai Botin sarchashmahoi as­lii islomi – Quron va Hadis doroi du janba: zohir va Botin buda, boyad bo takya ba khirad va istifoda az shevai makh­susi tabiru tafsir dar pasi zohir manoi haqiqii oyotu ahodis chustuju karda shavad. Andaryofti manoi botinii onho ba hama muyassar nagashta, balki in kor vejai khavossi mardum ast va avomunnos az on mahrum meboshand. Baroi chunin aqida ba hadise istinod karda mesha­vad, ki tibqi on Quron doroi «zahr» (manoi zohiri) va «batn» (manoi botini) buda, batni on niz batne dorad, to haft batn va dar rivoyate to haftod batn. Hadisi mazkurro Jaloluddini Rumi dar «Masnavi» (daftari seyum) chunin tazmin kardaast:

Harfi Quronro bidon, ki zohirest,

Zeri zohir botine bas qohirest.

Zeri on botin yake batni digar,

Khira gardad andar u fikru nazar.

Zeri on botin yake batni sevum,

Ki dar u gardad khiradho jumla gum,

Batni chorum az nubo khud kas nadid,

Juz Khudoi benaziru benadid.

Manzur az zohiri Quron manoi avvali va mafhumest, ki dar nakhustin barkhurd az vojahoi on dar zehn paydo megardad. On makhsusi avom donista meshavad. Murod az batn manoi istilohii vojaho buda, makhsusi khavos ba shumor meravad va ba avom dakhl nadorad. Masalan, vo­jai «istavo» (Quron: 2:29; 7:54; 10:3; 13:3; 20:5; 25:59; 32:4; 41:11; 57:4) az jonibi ulamoi din ba shevahoi guno­gun va dar baze mavridho mukhtalif tafsiru tavil shu­daast. Hadishoi qudsi va guftahoi Paygambar (s) niz ba misli Quron az lihozi mano va mafhum doroi marotib donista meshavand. Yake az nomhoi nakui Khudovand Bo­tin ast.

Dar barobari in nazariyai mutadil baze firqahoi tundravi dini, az qabili kaysoniya va harbiya, roje ba Botin afkoru aqidahoi ifroti bayon doshtaand, ki mavridi intiqodi shadid qaror giriftaand. Ismoiliya, ki ba yak silsila talimoti botinii doroi janbai oshkoro siyosi-etiqodi takid mevarzad, bo nomi botiniya yo ismoiliyai botiniya niz maruf ast. Ibni Haldun sababi chunin nomi da shudani ismoiliyaro dar etiqodi on ba vujudi imomi Botin yo imomi pinhon medonad.

Adabiyot: Rumi Jaloluddin. Masnavii manavi. Dushanbe, 2001; Shabistari Mahmud. Gulshani roz. Dushanbe, 2011; Mahmadulloev S. Mavlono Yakubi Charkhi. Zindagi, osor va afkor. Dushanbe, 2013.

S. Mahmadulloh.