BONAPARTIZM

BONAPARTIZM, siyosatest, ki dar natijai buhroni siyosii jomea yake az guruhhoi qudratgalab vazi baamalomadaro istifoda namuda, bo yorii artish yo neruhoi nizomii digar hokimiyatro sohib meshavad. Saravval istilohi Bonapartizm baroi ifodai diktaturai harbii Napoleon Bona­part va Lui Bonapart istifoda shuda, dertar manii farokhtari siyosati etimodbakhshi harbiero girift, ki dar miyoni guruhhoi qudrattalab mohirona amal namuda, hokimiyatro ba dast meorad. Bonapartizm usulan siyosatest, ki dar bayni manfiathoi ijtimoi va siyosii guruhho amal na­muda, har guna oppozitsiyai siyosiro va diqqati mardumro az masalahoi dokhiliyu beruni ba siyosati ekspansionisti jalb menamoyad. Mafhumi Bonapartizm az nasabu siyosati qudrattalabii Napoleon Bonapart girifta shuda boshad ham, in guna hodisaho dar tarikh borho to zamoni Napo­leon ruy dodaand. Dar ilm chunin ruydodhoro bo mafhumi «sezarizm» niz ifoda namudaand, ki sukhan az bobi ba qudrat rasidani sarlashkari mashhuri rumi Yuliy Sezar meravad. Bonapartizm hamchun jarayoni siyosi asosan manfiathoi burjuaziyai hukmronro ifoda menamud. Burjuaziya dar natijai buhroni shadid va vazi noguvori jomea hokimiyati kheshro ba diktaturai harbi mesuporid, ki on usuli shakli monarkhiyai nomahdud buda, arzishhoi demokratiro bo nom nigoh medorad, vale asosan ba zurovari va nerui artish takya menamoyad. Bonapartizm hamchun qudrati idori dar faoliyati khud khususiyathoi genezisi inqilobi va mohiyati irtijoiro faroham meorad. Az on khotir Bonapartizm paydoishi inqilobgaroi doshta, hamzamon kushishi tajassumi monarkhiyai ijtimoiro menamoyad va ba bovariyu pushtibonii doirai vasei mardum takya mekunad. Behuda nest, ki Bonapartizm chun nizomi siyosi dar halli mushkilotu moneahoi jomea beshtar ba fazlfurushiyu sukhanpardozi takya mekunad.

Dar sharoiti kununii inkishofi tarikhi tahti mafhumi Bonapartizm diktaturahoi harbie ifoda meshavand, ki ba hukm­ronii hizbi va goyahoi ideologi vobastagi dorand (masalan, diktaturai Pinochet dar Chili). Yake az shaklhoi Bonapartizm fashizm ba shumor meravad, ki az ruyi mazmunu mohiyat va paygirii nizomi ijtimoi ba hamdigar qarobat dorand.

Adabiyot.: Politologiya: ensiklopedicheskiy slovar / Obsh. red. i sost.: Yu.I. Averyanov. Moskva, 1993; Marks K. Vosemnadsatoe bryume­ra Lui Bonaparta// Marks K. i Engels F. Soch. 2 izd. T. 8; Engels F Deystvitelnie prichini otnositelnoy passivnosti fransuz­skikh proletariev v dekabre proshlogo goda// Soch. 2 izd. T. 8; Hamon. Rol nasiliya v istorii//Soch. 2 izd. T. 21; Lenin V. I., Ob osenke tekushego momenta//Poln. sobr. soch. 5 izd. T. 17; Hamon. Nachalo bonapartizma// Poln. sob. soch. 5 izd. T. 34; Hamon, Za derevyami ne vi­dyat lesa// Poln. sob. soch. 5 izd. T. 34.

G. Zokirov.