BOFTA

BOFTA, hujayrahoi ba hamdigar monand, ki vazifai hamgun dorand. Bofta dar rustaniho, hayvonot va odam mavjud ast.

Boftai rustaniho gunogun meboshand, masalan, hassos, pusti, asosi, mekhaniki, noqil va tafriqi. Boftai hassos yo meristemavi hujayrai khurdi hastaash kalon buda, zud taqsim va ba hujayrai digar boftaho mubaddal me­gardad. Vobasta ba joygohu vazifa chunin shaklhoi meri­stema mavjudand: nugi (makhruti rushdi poya, resha va gayra), ilovagi (meristemae, ki asosi miyonabandhoi navdaro pur mekunad), pahlui (masalan, kambiy va fellogen, ki binobar faoliyati onho shokhu tanavu resha gafs meshavad) va zakhmi (meristemae, ki dar joyi zakhm tashakkul meyobad). Boftahoi pust hujayrahoi zich buda, barg, navda, shokh, poya va tanai rustaniro hifz mekunand, az khok obu modda­hoi gizoiro mejaband. Boftai asosi, ki az parenkhima tashakkul yoftaast, asosi uzv meboshad. Boftai asosii uzvhoi markazi az dila, torhoi dila, pustlokhi ruyi tana iborat ast. Devorai Boftai asosi bazan gafsu chubmonand megar­dad. Boftahoi mekhaniki az meristemai yakumin yo duvumin hosil shuda, tanai rustaniro ba vujud meorand. Devorai hujayrahoi onho gafs buda, bisyor vaqt chub megardad. Kolenkhimaho (az hujayrahoi parenkhimavii devorahoyashon sellyulozador iboratand), sklerenkhimaho (az hujayrahoi devorahoyashon gafsi chubgashtai prozenkhimavi tashakkul yoftaand) va sklereidho (az hujayrahoi sakhtu takyagohi parenkhimavii devorahoyashon gafsi naychador iboratand) Boftahoi mekhanikii asosi meboshand. Hujayrahoi sakht ba mevapardai olubolu, olu, gelos, nok, bihi va gayra ustuvori mebakhshand. Boftahoi noqil az hujayrahoi gunogun iborat buda, beshtar vazifai tamini ob va moddahoi minerali (az khok ba vositai resha)-ro ijro mekunand. Ba Boftahoi tafriqi unsurhoi makhsusi tarashshuhi dokhili (dar onho moddahoi dabbogi, zift, ravgani efir va gayra jam mesha­vand) va beruna (muyakhoi gunoguni gadudi, gadudchahoi uzvhoi nashvu borovar) mansuband.

Boftai hayvonotu odam pusti, payvandi, mushaki va asabi meshavad. Vazifai Boftahoi pust muhofizat, ikhroj va jabishi moddahost. Ba Boftahoi payvandi khun, limfa, inchunin boftahoi turmonand, kovok, zich, tagoyak va ustukhonho mansuband. Boftahoi turmonand dar sipurz, uqdahoi limfavi, magzi ustukhon ba mushohida merasand. Boftahoi payvandii kovok dar nasji zeri pust va qabathoi kovoki bayni uzvho mavjudand. Ragu payho az Boftahoi payvandii zich tarkib yoftaand. Az Boftahoi payvandii tagoyaki bandho, kaburga, bini, gush va digar uzvho tashakkul meyoband. Boftahoi payvandii ustukhon vazifai takyagohro ijro meku­nand. Boftahoi mushaki du nav – sufta va tarvozarakh (arzi) meshavand. Mushakhoi sufta az hujayrahoi darozi dukshakl iborat buda, baroi harakati uzvhoi dokhili musoidat mekunand. Mushakhoi tarvozarakh az nakhhoi mushak (mushakhoi skeleti) yo hujayraho (mushaki dil) iborat meboshand va qobiliyati tez kashish yoftan dorand. Boftahoi asab az hujayrahoi asab (neyronho) va hujayrahoi yovar iboratand. Onho angezishi az muhit yo azo omadaro dark va tahlil mekunand. Angezish ba tavassugi retseptoruo dark shuda, ba junba (impuls)-hoi asab tabdil meyobad va ba vositai torhoi asab ba silsilai asabi markazi mera­vad. Dar on jo junbahoi javobi tashakkul yofta, ba tavas­suti digar torhoi asab ba uzvho meravand. Masoili sokhtu joygirii Boftakhoro gistologiya meomuzad.

Adabiyot: Bavtuto T. A., Eremin V. N. Botanika. Moskva,  1997; Dolgachsva V. S., Aleksakhina E. N. Botanika. Moskva,  2003; Sigidii Ya. A. (va di­garon). Diffuznie bolezni soedinitelnoy tkani. SPb., 2004; Anatomiya cheloveka v eponimakh. SPb., 2007; Biologiya. Polniy kurs. Moskva, 2009. F. Abdurahmonov, A. Toshev.