Abdulkarimi Geloni

Abdulkarimi  Geloni ibni Ibrohim, maruf ba Jili (Bagdod, 1365 – 1428, hamon jo), yake az namoyandagoni mashhuri tasavvuf. Roje ba hayot va faoliyati u ba juz chand ishorae dar osorash va nashri muqaddimai asarash «Insoni komil» chizi digare malum nest. Muvofiqi malumoti tasvirshuda dar onho Abdulkarimi  Geloni muridi su­fii buzurgi zamonash Sharafuddini Jabaruti budaast.

Az Abdulkarimi  Geloni ba ruzgori mo du asar bo nomhoi «Al-inson-ul- komil fi marifat il-avokhir va-l- avoil» va «Arbain marotib» omada rasidaand. Talimoti asosii falsafiyu irfonii u dar «Insoni komil» bayon shudaand. Afkori irfonii Abdulkarimi Geloni az du qismati asosi iboratand. Dar qismati avval khastishinosi va dar bakhshi duyum masalahoi marifati vujudi haqi qati ilohi mavridi barrasi qaror giriftaand.

Abdulkarimi Geloni mutaqid ast, ki vujudi mutlaq yake besh nest va hamai kasrati olam vahmi va padidorist, zero hak ba unvoni vujudi mutlaq khudro dar oyina (mazharash) padidor mekunad va irtibotu munosibati haqqu khalqro barqaror mesozad. Haqiqati mutlaqzotan (binafsihi) vuqud dorad va hej tafsili lafzi nametavonad kamolu zoti uro ifoda kunad, onro tanho ba vositai olami moddi shinokhtan mumkin ast. Zero on tanho yak amri etibori (mohiyat) nest, balki on voqeiyati ayniest, ki surati khorijii (zohiri) haqro mutajalli mesozad.

Ba tariqi boz ham sodatar kasratu taqsimpaziri dar jahoni moddi tajallii zoti ilohi hastand, aynan misli on ki sifot dar tahlili nihoi bo zot yake meboshand. Dar fasli 57-i «Insoni komil» Abdulkamiri Geloni bo sarohat tafakkurro khayuloi olam unvon kardaast. U meguyad: «Tafakkur hayot va ruhi olam ast…vujud chize nest, magar andesha, andesha resha va manshai hasti (vujud) ast va zotest, ki khudo dar on yaksara mutajalli meshavad» (216). Pas hasti (vujud) chize chuz an­desha dar andesha nakhohad bud va az tariqi hamin andesha ba zotu sifoti haqiqati mutlaq ittisol paydo namudan mumkin ast.

Az in nuqtai nazar, Abdulkarimi Geloni rahmoniyati (bakhshandagii) ilohiro az tajallii zot ba asmovu sifote (asmo-ul- husno) iborat medonad, ki onho khosi kholiqand ba misli ahadiyat,  vohidiyat, samadiyat va gayra (monandi shirinii shakar az nayshakar). Dar martabai ilohiyat haqiqati mutlaq ba sifote tajalli khohad kard, ki shomili ham sifoti kholiq va ham sifoti makhluq meboshad, ba misli hayot, ilm, qudrat, ifoda, kalom, sam, basr, ki haqqu khalq har du in sifathoro doro meboshand. Hamin masalaro Abdulkarimi Geloni ba iborai digar, dar «Insoni komil» ravshantar bayon karda, az jumla meguyad, ki Khudo hayuloi olam ast, yane Khudo monandi obest, ki haqiqati yakh ast va jahon monandi yakh ast, ki chize ba juz ob nest (yane khudo dar surati obi munjamid). Pas jahonu khudo yak chiz va ba ham muttahidand. «Jahon chize nest magar yakh va yakh, bino ba nazari mo, chize nest, magar ob. Lizo (binobar on) etiqodi mo in ast, ki yakhu ob har du yakeand» (362).

Az hamin nuqta talimoti marifatii Abdulkarimi Geloni ogoz shudaast. Inson, ki dar vujudash otifai ilohiro ba unvoni nafs (ruh) dorad, boyad haqiqatro dark kunad, zero haqiqat vohid ast va ogohi az in vohidi haqiqi, ba fikri Abdulkarimi Geloni ba inson nogahon zohir nameshavad. Inson qodir nest, ki hamai haqoiqi ilohiro dar zamoni valodatu balogat daryobad.

U tanho dar natijai tay namudani marotibi suudi ba sui haqiqat metavonad zoti Bori taoloro dark kunad. Ba­roi chunin amal Abdulkarimi Geloni chahor marta­bai mukhtalifro dar «Insoni komil» peshnihod namudaast: 1) shuhudi fel – inson ehsos mekunad, ki Khudo dar hamai ayoni olam az rui kudovati zotiash zuhur kardaast.

Baroi darki on u boyad zinahoi muayyani maqomot va ahvoli tasavvufiro dark namoyad; 2) shuhudi asmo (ismho) – vaqte orif, yake az ismhoi ilohiro ba tav­ri zavqi (na aqli) kashf kard, hastii u yaksara tahti sultan ilohi qaror megirad va vujudi moddii u nopadid megardad. Dar natija dar nazari u padidai digare zohir megardad va u mefahmad monandi mavjhoi dare ba khudi dare payvastaast; 3) shuhudi sifat – dar in marhila ba vositai dar­ki sifoti ilohi nafsu vujudi orif foni meshavad, ruhi makhluqin inson az bayn meravad va joi onro vujudi Khudo dar qalbash pur mekunad, sufi  vohidro dar kasir mebinad va khud ba unvoni vohid amal mekunad; 4) dar okhirin marhila az shuhud, ki Jili onro ishroqi sifoti ilohi menomad, qalbi orif ba nure munavvar khohad shud, ki dar on tamomi ayoni olamro dar gushai qalbi khud joy medihad. Ba iborai digar, inson dar khud memirad (margi qabl az mavt) va joni u javhari ilohiro darmeyobad.U  komil meshavad va mazmunu mundarijai In­soni komil az hamin iborat ast.

Albatta, in mukhtasari talimoti Abdulkarimi Geloni dar borai insoni komil ast, ki dar kitobash ba on obu rangi badeiyu irfoni bakhshida, ba misolu muqoisahoi matolibi jolibi zina­hoi nuzuliyu suudi onro ustokorona ba qalam dodaast va irtiboti nogusastanii haku kholiq va khudovu insonro sharhu tafsir namudaast.

Az jumla, u gufta, ki Insoni komil qutbest, ki sipehri vujud az ogoz to anjom dar mehvari u mecharkhad. On dar shevahoi gunoguni talimoti orifon jomahoi gunogun ba tani mavzuni khud pushida, bo nomhoi gunogun arzi vujud namu­daast. Chandin masalahoi hoshiyavii marbut ba hamin masala niz dar asari Abdulkarimi Geloni «Insoni komil» matrah shudaand.

Ad.: D o r B. A. Mahmudi Shabistari. Geloni va Jomi, dar kit. Tarikhi falsafa dar Eron. j. 2.T., 1365;Saidhusayni Nasr. Din va ni­zom» tabiatT.;Hazratqulov M. Tasavvuf, D., 1988.