Abay Ibrohim Qunanboev

Abay Ibrohim Qunanboev (10. 8. 1845 – 6. 7. 1904), shoir, navisanda, khodimi jamiyatii qazoq, asosguzo­ri adabiyoti khattii qazoq va nakhustin klassiki on. Az oilai ashrofi sarvatmandi qazoq. Dar oila uro «Abay» nom meburdand, ki manoyash «hushyor», «zirak» meboshad. Malumoti ibtidoiro darkhonavoda va az muallimoni khususi giriftaast. Dar tarbiyai manavii u naqshi modarkalonash Zarra khele kalon bud. Abay az u sherhovu dostonhoi mardumi qazoqro omukht va hazorho misra azyod kard. Dar madrasai Imom Ahmad Rizoi Semipala­tinsk va maktabi rusi tahsil kardaast. Abay dar Mad­rasa Quron, ulumi dini, nazmi fors-tojik, arabi,turkiroomukht,  bo osori Firdavsi, Sadi, Hofiz, Nizomii Ganjavi, Unsurulmaolii Kaykovus, Alisheri Navoi shinos shud. Abay zulmu taaddiero, ki az jonibi feodalon ba sari mardumi qashshoku benavo meomad, mushohida mekard va chun shakhsi adolatkhoh do­imo dar kushishi himoyavu dastgirii onho bud. Dar sinni 28-solagi ba tariqi khudomuziniddan ba omuzishi zaboni rusi mashgul shud. Donistani zaboni rusi baron shinos gardidani u bo osori Gyote, Bayron, Darvin va digaron musoidat namud.

Ejodiyoti Abay chun shoir va navisanda az se sarchashma – ejodiyoti dahanaqii khalq, nazmi olamgiri Sharq va adabiyoti rusu evropoi mansha giriftaast. Abay pesh az hama oqini qazoq bud; dostonhoi hamosii qazoqro dar jamomadho ba mardum naql mekard va yo bo navoi musiqi mesaroid. Abay donandai sheru adabi Sharq, az jumla adabiyoti fors-tojik bud. Vay aruzro dar sheri qazoqi tatbiq namud va sherhoi gazalmonand, ba shaklhoi gunogun (shashmisrai – musaddas, hashtmisrai – musamman) ejod kard. Umuman Abay dar nazmi qazoq 17 shakli navi sherro ikhtiro kard. Dostonhoi Abay – «Masud», «Guftor dar borai Azim» va «Iskandar» dar zaminai sujethoi adabiyoti klassikii Sharq ofarida shuda, dar onho khiradu donish va fazilathoi inson tarannum shudaand.

Dar dostoni «Iskandar», ki ba asarhoi Nizomivu Jomi va Navoi hamohangi dorad, shoir goratgarihoi Iskandari Maqduniro mahkum kar­da, dar simoi Arastu khiradi insonro sitoish kardaast. Ba qalami Abay asari mansure taalluq dorad, ki on dar qazoqi «Kara suz» («Kalomi siyoh») nom giriftaast. Ba zaboni tojiki in asar bo nomhoi – «Aqliya», «Pandho», «Pandnoma», «Andeshaho» tarjuma va muarrifi gardidaast. Dar «Pandnoma»-i Abay tasiri «Qobusnoma»-i Unsurulmaolii Kaykovus va «Guliston»-i Sadi oshkoro ayon ast. Abay baze masalhoi I. A. Krilov, sherhoi M. Yu. Lermontov, porchahoi dostoni A. S. Pushkin «Ev­geniy Onegin»-ro az rusi ba qazoqi tarjuma kardaast. Jarayoni zindagii Abay dar romani navisandai qazoq, akademik M. Avezov «Abay» tasvir yoftaast. Bo sarvarii hamin navisanda «Kulliyot»-i Abay dar du jild ba tab rasidaast (1957; 1977).

Dar majmuae bo nomi «Nigohe ba zindagi va osori Abay – bunyodguzori adabiyoti navini qazoq» (Tehron, 1374/1996) ziyoda az 10   100 sheri Abay dar bargardoni Farzonai Khujandi va «Andeshaho» (45 guftor) dar tarjumai Safar Abdullo ba khatti forsi joy doda shudaand. Oso­ri mansuri Abay bo nomi «Pandnoma» (mutarjim Fathullohi Aziz) solhoi 2002 va 2010 dar Dushanbe ba tab rasidaand. Dar Qazoqiston Bunyodi baynalmilalii Abay tasis yoftaast. Dar viloyati Qaraganda shahre va dar Du­shanbe kuchae ba nomi Abay mavjudand.