ABUMUSLIMNOMA

«ABUMUSLIMNOMA», yake az nakhustin asarhoi nasri omiyonai forsi- tojikist. Az nigohi navi adabi (janr) in asar dostoni razmiyu tarikhi buda, padidahovu ruydodhoi ham voqeivu ham khayoliro faro giriftaast. Qahramoni markazii dos­ton shakhsi tarikhi, peshvoi shurishi ziddi Khilofati Umaviyon Abumusli­mi Khurosonist. Dar miyonai asri 8 dar sarzaminhoe, ki mardumi eroninajod, az jumla tojikon, maskun bu­dand, norozigii mardum az Khilofati arab bar avji khesh rasid. Namoyandagoni khonadonhoi Abbosiyonu Alaviyon az in hol bahra justa, alayhi Umaviyon barkhostand.

Dar in nuqta hadafhoi davlatkhohii Abbosiyonu Alaviyon bo ormonhoi ozodikhohonai mardumi eroninajod muvofiq omadand. Abbosiyon, ki khud beshtar ba neruhoi ziddiumavii eroniyon takya doshtand, Abumuslimi Khurosoniro ba peshvoii in shurish bardoshgand. Soli 747 Abumuslim parchami siyohi Abbosiyonro barafrosht va shurishi ozodikhohivu ziddiumavii mardumi Khuroson, Movarounnahr va Eronro sarvari kard. Soli 750 Abumus­lim neruhoi Umaviyonro shikast dod va khalifa Marvoni Himorro kusht. Bo khamin khilofat ba dasti Abbosiyon guzasht. Pas az in piruzi Abbo­siyon Abumuslimro amiri Khuroson tayin kardand. Ammo Abumuslim, ki khud mardi sarbalandu bosharaf bud, bo khulafoi Abbosi munosibati magruronae dosht. Az in ru Abbosiyon az u khavf doshtand.

Khalifai duyumi Abbosi Abujafari Mansur dar payi nobudii Abumuslim aftod. U borho Abumuslimro nazdi khud khond, ammo Abumuslim gush ba sukhani u namedod. Saranjom soli 755 Abumuslim ba poytakhti Mansur omad. Abumansur uro dar kushki khud burd va khoinona bikusht. Hamin ast bunyodi tarikhii dos­ton, ki bo voqeiyati tarikhi umumiyati tamom dorad. Dar hama nuskhahoi dastnavisi dostoni «Abumuslimnoma» ofarandai onro Abutohiri Tartusi (dar baze navishtaho Tarsusi) guftaand. Masalan, dar peshguftori yake az tarjumahoi turkii «Abumuslimnoma» gufta shudaast, ki onro bo khohishi Sulton Mahmud (hukmronii 998 – 1030) Abutohiri Tartusi talif kardaast.

«Abumuslimnoma» nakhust dar shakli dahoni paydo shuda, sipas chun kitob ba tab rasidaast. Az ishorahoi tarikhnomaho barmeoyad, ki «Abumuslimnoma A.» okhiri asri 11 dar shakli khatti mavjud budaast. «Abumuslimnoma » az ogozi paydoishi khud to solhoi 20 asri 20 mashhurtarin dostoni omiyona budaast. Dar in muddati daroz dar sarzaminhoi pahnovari forsiyon in doston ba digargunihoi farovon duchor shudaast. «Abumuslimnoma» padidai muhiti demokratist va mundarijai goyavii on niz dar saviyai afkori in muhit ast. Ofarandagoni doston, ki khud az mi­yoni omiyon berun omadaand, onro ba zavqu jahonbinii khud muvofik kardaand. Az in ru, qahramononi on, agarchi barkhe az onho shohu shohzodaand, ruhi omiyona dorand. Qahramoni markazii asar Abdurrahmon, ki kuniyatash Abu­muslim ast, parvardai hamin muhit meboshad. U dar dehai Mohoni Marv ba dunyo omada, dar muhiti mardumi zahmatkash koru zindagi omukhtaast. Davlatmandon uro hezumfurush meguftand va bo u nopisandona munosibat mekardand. Abdurrahmon kornomahoi khudro bo yorii dustonash Khurdaki ohangar, Abutohiri sayqalgar, Abualii duredgar, Abujafari gilkor, Iskhoqi kundashikan va kishovarzonu peshovaron anjom medihad. Dostonsaroyon sakht kushidaand, ki rohi qahramoni kheshro az hezumfurushi to ba poygohi sipahsolorivu amiri bo ranghoi har chi durakhshontar tasvir kunand. « Abumuslimnoma» asari purmojaro ast.

Mundarijai doston sarshor az hodisahoi tarikhi buda, bo omezahoi angori baso pahnovaru ganivu rangintar ba tasvir rasidaand. Az mavqei tarikhii nabardi Abumuslim bo Umaviyon dar doston tanho ishorae mavjud astu bas. Beshtar korzoru kornomahoi Abumuslimu Akhmadi Zamchi, Mizrobshohi Jahongiri Khorazmivu Malikzod, Turki Takhmospu Tarid va digar razmiyoni sipohi Abumuslim, ayyorihoi Zulobivu Bodi Yaldo, Jonfulusu Dogulivu Kajpo va digar tas­vir yoftaand, ki az vokeahoi khushki tarikhi rangintar ba nazar merasand. Mahz hamin sabab dar muayyan kardani janri asar dushvorie pesh meorad. Nabardhoi tanbatani pahlavonon asarro ba hamosai razmi nazdik sokhtaast. On mojarovu sarguzashthoi shigiftovar, ki ayyoron az cap meguzaronand, asarro ba janri roman (ba istilohi imruza) monand mekunand.

«Abumuslimnoma » yake az jolibtarin dostonhoest, ki rasmu oyini mardumi odi, muhiti zindagi va andeshavu angorai zeboishinosii ononro baso durakhshonu rangin boztob kardaast. On muhiti ozodu demokratie, ki dostonguyonu shunavandagoni ononro faro giriftaast, yak omili muhimi oshkoro bayon kardani nihontarin rozho dar dos­ton gardidaast. Hamin muhit baroi kor bastani khandai omiyona dar dos­ton sozgori kardaast. Khanda yake az muhimtarin vositahoi korbasti an­deshavu orzuhoi mardumi ranchbar dar hunarnomahoi onho buda, munosibati ofarandagoni in dostonro ba hasti va ruzgori ijtimoivu siyosii zamon ifoda mekunad. In vijagii mukhtavoi doston onro az balandii vijagii janrii hamosai razmi ba zer ovar­da, bo muhiti zindagii ofarandagonu shunavandagoni on hamsoz mekunad va janbai romanii onro meafzoyad. Barkhe kirdorhoi zishti kahramononi mahbub aqidai derinai nodurustero, ki guyo «Abumuslimnoma» asari dinist, az beh inkor mekunad. Dar doston goyahoi ijtimoii davr bo havodisi tari­khii ruzgor dar hambastagi tasvir shudaand. Adolatkhohi, ki mardumi ranjbar hamesha khostori on budaand, dar markazi tasviri dostoni «Abumuslimnoma» joy dorand. Ammo har namoyandai guruhi jomea in pindorro az didgohi sudu ziyoni khud sharh medihadu mepazirad. Dar doston, ki ofaridai mardum ast, padidahovu ruydodhoi tarikhi, ijtimoivu siyosi beshtar az didgohi onon sharh yoftaand. Jakhoni rangini dostonii asar jakhoni ormonu andeshahoi khudi mardum ast. «Abumuslimnoma » borho ba zabonhoi turki tarjuma shuda, dar miyoni mardumi turkizabon niz shuhrati tamom dorad.

Nashriyai: Abumuslimnoma, Dushanbe, 1994.

Adabiyot: Salimov Yu., Nasri rivoyatii forsu tojik, Dushanbe, 1971; Braginskiy I. S., Ocherki iz istorii tadjikskoy literaturi, Moskva, 1958; Borshevskiy Yu. E., Persidskaya narodnaya literatura. Plutovka iz Bagdada, Moskva. 1963; Chillaev K., Narodniy roman «Abumuslimname», Dushanbe. 1985.      K Chillaev.