ABUMUSLIMI KhUROSONI

ABUMUSLIMI KhUROSONI (719 yo 723, takhminan Bushanji Hirot yo Isfahon – 755, Madoin), sarvari shurishi ziddi Umaviyon, badan far- monfarmoi Khuroson. Nom vakuniyai Abumuslimi Khurosoni avval Abuishoq Ibrohim ibni Haykon (yo Bukhtagon) buda, sipas nomashro ba Abdurrahmon ibni Muslim va kuniyaashro ba Abumuslimi Khurosoni ivaz namud. Mutobiqi haqqoqii sikkahoi davrash nomi rasmiash «Abdurrahmon ibni Muslim» budaast. Abumuslimi Khurosoni eroniyulasl va az mavoliyoni Khuroson budaast. U avval gulomi farde ba nomi Abumusoi Sarroj bud va badi az Isfahon ba Kufa raftani sohibash hamrohi u on jo raft. Dar Kufa junbishhoi ziddi Umaviyon faol budand va Abumuslimi Khurosoni ba jurmi hamkori bo yake az guruhhoi isyontalab zindoni meshavad. Ba­di rahoi az zindon shakhse bo nomi Abusalama soli 744 Abumuslimi Khurosoniro ba Khuro­son ovarda hamrohash makhfiyona mar- dumro muqobili khilofati Umaviyon davat mekard. Mardumi sershumore ba u garavidand.

Abumuslimi Khurosoni va tarafdoronash libosi siyoh ba tan pushidand va shurishashon dar tarikh bo nomi «kiyomi siyahjomagon» mashhur gardid. Dar muddati kutoh Abumuslimi Khurosoni  Khurosonro komilan zeri nazorati khud qaror dod va tarafdoroni sipohiyonashro ba shahrhoi girdu atrof mefiristod. Abumuslimi Khurosoni  pas az tasarrufi Khuro­son bo sipohash az Dajla ubur kar­da ba khududi Iroq vorid shud. Ahli Kufa Abumuslimi Khurosoni  va siyohjomagonro khush istiqbol namudand. Okhirin nabardi Abumuslimi Khurosoni  bo lashkari Umavi soli 749 dar havolii shahri Mavsili Iroq rukh dod va Umaviyon shikast khurdand.

Sipohsolore bo nomi Abdumalik ibni Yazidi Khurosoni bo farmoni Abumuslimi Khurosoni  in nohiyaro ba dast girift. Khi­lofati Umaviyon ba tavassuti khurosoniyon furu rekht va ba dasti onon davlati navi Abbosiyon bunyod gardid. Okhirin namoyandai khonadoni umavi khalifa Marvon ba Misr gurekht va oqibat soli 750 ba dasti khurosoniyon dar shahri Busiri Misr ba qatl rasid. as az piruzihoi payiham Abumuslimi Khurosoni  say kard, ki hukumati kheshro dar sarzaminhoi sharqii khilofat ham ustuvor namoyad. Bo in maqsad u muqobili har nav nerui nizomi va ijtimoi, ki dar nazarash sababi ejodi tashannuj dar kishvar megardid, jangi beamon elon namud. Ba andeshavu nazari u hama guna etirozi ziddi arab manoi ziddi istiqrori hukumati Abbo- siyonro niz dosht. Az in ru ba tamomi sarkardagon hidoyat doda shud, ki hamai dastaho, guruhho va khushbinhoi shurishgarro berahmona nest kunand, zero dar hamin davraho tahti tasiri shurishhoi iroqiyon arabhoi muqimi Bukhoro va mardumi mahalli bo sarvarii Sharik ibni Mehri (750) muqobili amironi navtayinshuda qiyom karda budand. Ziyod ibni Solehi Khazoi soli 751 bo hamrohii Qutayba ibni Tugshoda va Bukhorkhudot shurishgaronro nest karda, Bukhororo otash zadand.

Hamin tavr qiyomkhoi dehqononi mulkhoi Chochu Fargona va Khuttalu Kesh niz sarkub shudand. Obruvu etibori Abumuslim dar bayni aksari akshori jomea ruzafzun bolo meraft. Hukumatdoroni markaz az in vazu holat ba tashvish aftodand va soli 755 khalifa Mansur Abumuslimi Khurosoniro ba dar- borash davat karda ba qatl rasond. Pas az qatli Abumuslimi Khurosoni barkhe az sardoron va tarafdoronash ba khidmati khali­fa Mansur qamar bastand va iddai sodiqi Abumuslimi Khurosoni az in khiyonati khalifa mutaassir shuda ba ohangi khunkhohi ba Khuroson bargashtand.

Abumuslimi Khurosoni na tankho yak fardi nizomi, sipohsolori varzida, balki shakhsi farhangdust va az ilmu adab khub ogohe budaast. Zaboni arabiyu forsiro batakmil medonistaast va hatto ba in hardu zabon ham sher ejod karda budaast. Tarikhnigoron uro amiri gamkhor va obodga- ri Khuroson tavsif kardaand. Chunonchi emori masjidi jomei Nishopur, masjidu bozore dar Marv va devoru burjhoi girdogirdi Samarqandro ba u nisbat medihand. Ba tayidi V. V. Bartold mardumi Samarqand tasisoti obi shahrashonro ba nomi Abumuslimi Khurosoni marbut medonand va hanuz ham yake az nahrhoi buzurgi on joro «Komi Abumuslim» menomand. Mardumi Khuro­son Abumuslimi Khurosoniro to hade azizu mutabar donistaand, ki uro bar dostonhoi hamosi, mazhabi, qissaho va madhiyavu marsiyaho vasf kardaand, ki yake az mashhurtarinashon «Abumuslimnoma» ast.

Adabiyot: Arabskiy anonim XI veka. Izdanie tek­sta, perevod. Vvedenie v izuchenie pamyatnika i kommentariy P. A. Gryaznevicha, Moskva, 1960; Bar­told V. V., Abu Muslim. //Bartold V. V. So­chineniya. tom 7, Moskva, 1967; Bolshakov O., Abu Muslim. Islam. Ensiklopedicheskiy slovar, Moskva, 1991; Boymatov L. D., Abu Muslim, Dushanbe. 2006.            L. Boymatov,