Libosi harbi

LIBOSI HARBI (NIZOMI), navi libosi rasmii makhsus, ki aslan khizmatchiyoni harbi mepushand. Dar Quvvahoi Musallahi Tojikiston ba guruhi Liboskhoi harbi — liboshoi ru (shinel, bushlat, palto, plash, mundir, kitel, kurtka, tujurka, shim va gayra taaluq dorad); kallapushho (popokh, kuloh, furajka, pilotka, beret); kurtai ru, galstuk, kashne (gardanband), dastpushak; poyafzol (muza, botinka, tufli); kamarband, tasmai kamar va gayra mansuband.

Nishonhoi farqkunandai khizmatchiyoni harbi niz juzi hatmii Libosi harbi meboshand. Libosi rasmiro az rui navi qushun (khizmat) rutbai harbi va alomathoi tafriqai onro Shuroi olii Tojikiston muqarrar mekunand. Hamai khizmatchiyoni harbii dar khizmati harbi buda, suvorovchiyon, nakhimovchiyon, inchunin generalho, admiralho, ofiseron, praporshikho va michmanho, ki dar zapas yo istefoand, huquqi Libosi harbi pushidanro dorand. Namudhoi zerini Libosi harbi  muqarrar karda shudaand: idona, idonayu joyravi, doimi (harruza), jangi va kori. Har yake az in formaho tobistonayu zimistona meshavand; dar Floti harbiyu bahri raqamguzori (raqamhoi 1—6) niz vujud dorad. Unsurhoi Libosi harbi hanuz dar armiyahoi dunyoi qadim (Misr, Oshur, Fors, Yunoni Qadim) paydo shuda budand. Libosi harbi beshtar dar armiyai Rimi Qadim inkishof yoft. Dar on libosi yakranga (beshtar rangi safed) muqarrar karda shuda bud.

Doir ba Liboshoi harbi askaroni podshohoni Movarounnahru Khuroson niz baze malumothoi khattivu arkheologi mavjudand. Dar natijai khafriyothoti dar Pomir guzaronidashuda malum gardid, ki jangovaroni sakoi libosi charmin mepushidaand. Dar davlati Sugd jangovaron az rui kategoriya aholi ba guruhho taqsim meshudand. Savoragonro aksaran namoyandagoni sinfi hukmron — dehqo-non tashkil karda, baroi az lashkari piyoda farq namudan khiftoihoi makhsusi javshandor mepushidand va miyoni khudro bo kamarbandi zarboft mebastand. Dar davrai jangho shamsheru khanjar, tiru kamon ovekhta, toskulohu javshan dar bar mekardand. Arkheologho az dimnahoi Panjakenti bostoni tasvirotero paydo namudand, ki onho muhoriba va jamomadhoi askaronro inikos mekunand.

Zamoni hukmronii sulolai Somoniyon dar Movarounnahru Khuroson dar artish islohotho guzaronida shudand, ki onro khele purquvvat namudand. Dar armiyai Somoniyon aksyariyatro gulomon tashkil menamudand, ki onho dar soli yakumi khizmat libosi nimabreshimii zandavagi pushida, dar qushuni piyoda khizmat mekardand. Dar soli duyumi khizmat miyonbandi oddii charmi mebastand. Soli seyum qarochur (yak nav libosi harbi), soli panjum zinu afzori purqimmat, soli shashum unvon megiriftand. Dar soli haftumi khizmat baroi az digar otryadho farq kardan kallapushi siyohi pashmi mepushidand, onho gvardiyai shakhsii shohoni Somoniro tashkil medodand. Dar davrhoi hukmronii sulolahoi Qarakhoniyon, Saljuqiyon va Khorazmshohiyon dar lashkar chandon tagyroti kulli ba amal omad. Tanho dar zamoni hukmronii Temur dar artish tagyroti jiddi ba vuqu omad. Temur baroi az hamdigar farq kunondani otryadhoyash va az lashakarhoi dagar farq kunondani armiyai khud liboshoi harranga va alomathoi gunogun jori namud. Dar in davra yaroqi otashfishoni paydo shud.

Dar asrhoi 15— 17 bo paydoishi armiyahoi doimi liboshoi nisbatan yakkhelai tanho az jihati rang farqkunanda ba vujud omadand: dar Angliya otryadhoi tirandozon Liboshoi harbii kabudrang mepushidand. Dar bisyor mamlakatho gvardiyachiyon liboshoi ham rangi gerbi davlati khudro mepushondand. Dar qushunhoi Faronsa az asri 15 kamu besh liboshoi yakkhela, vale gunogunrang jori gardidand. Dar vaqti Jangi sisola (1618—48) dar armiyai shvedho brigadahoi «sabz», «safed», «surkh», polkhoi «sabz» va gayra budand, (ki tanho bo rangashon tafovut doshtand.

Dar qushunhoi «Imperiyai Rimi muqaddas» dragunho khiftoni (kamzuli daroz) surkh va egerho khiftoni kabud mepushidand. Avvalin Liboshoi harbi yakkhelaro (az rui nav va sokhti qushun) dar Faronsadar ahdi Lyudoviki XIV solhoi 70—72 naziri harbi F. M. Luvua jori namudaast. Vay baroi gvardiya mundirhoi kabudi astarsurkh, baroi dragunho — mundirhoi surkh, baroi kavalerhoi sabuk — khokistarrangi surkhchatob, baroi piyoda qushun — khokistarrang va gayra muqarrar namud. Dar armiyai kurfyursti Fridrikh Vilgelm (Brandenburg) se kheli L. K (surkh, kabud va khokistarrang) bud.

Dar Rossiyai avvali asri 17 tirandozi khaftonhoi surkh (bo hamoili safed), dar nimai 2-yumi asri 17 khiftonhoi gunogunrang, kallapushi mohut va muzahoi gunogunrang mepushidand; polkhoro az rangi khifton, girebon, telpak va muza farq mekardand. Ba munosibati az tarafi Pyotri 1 tashkil karda shudani armiyai muntazam dar ibtidoi asri 18 libosi yagonai harbi jori gardid, Masalan dar qushunhoi piyoda khiftoni kabudrang, dar kavaleriya—khiftoni sabz, kamzuli surkh va shimhoi kutoh jurob (dar gvardiya — surkh, dar armiya — sabz), kafsh, kulohi sekunjai orododashuda, telpakhoi charmin (dar rotahoi prevaderi va bomobaandoz) va gayra.

Soli 1711 liboshoi yakkhelai matrosi muqarrar karda shud: khiftoni khokistarrangi (badtar sabz) mohut, shalvori kutoh jurobhoi kabud, kafshi rishtai misindor, kulohi siyohi namadini lapardor. Soli 1718 Liboshoi harbii kori va tobistona jori shud. Ofitseroni flot dastavval libosi makhsusi nizomi va doshtand. Soli 1732 baroi onho khaftoni kabudrangi (az soli 1735 —kabudi past) astarsurkh muqarrar kardand. Soli 1763 baroi polkhoi gunoguni piyodaqushun istifoda burdani pogon rasm shud. Onro ba kitfi chap mezadand. Badi on baroi batalonhoi mushketyori va grenaderi akselbant jori gardid. Asri 19 va avvali asri 20 dar armiyai rus akselbantro generalho, jandarmho, adyutantho istifoda meburdand. Hamin tavr, bo peshrafti jamiyat va purquvvat gardidani iqtidori quvvahoi musallah liboshoi zeboi zamonavi jori karda shudand.

Solhoi Jangi Buzurgi Vatani 1941—45 dar Quvvahoi Musallahi shuravi (1943) pogon jori gardid. Harbiyon mundira rasmii idonai doroi tugmahoi yakqatorai rostgirebon mepushidand. Soli 1963 baroi qushunhoi bahri libosi makhsusi siyohrang muqarrar namudand. Aa soli 1972 Quvvahoi Musallahi Soveti ba formai navi Libosi harbi guzashtand; kiteli fronti gimnastyorkaro ivaz kard, baroi soldatho va serjantho libosi rasmi — mundirhoi girebonkushod, ki bo kurta va galstuk meputshand, shimi idona va botinka muqarrar shud. Rangi yagonai ananavii rusi — rangi bahri mavjnok baroi Libosi harbii rasmii idonai marshalho, generalho, ofitseron va praporshikhoi qushunhoi khushkigard tasdiq gasht. Rangi libosi khizmatchiyoni harbii balandrutbai aviatsiya va qushunhoi desanta havoi kabud ast.