BOTNIK (shvedi Bottniska viken, fini pohjanlahti), khalij dar qismi shimolii bahri Baltika, bayni Shvetsiya va Finlyandiya. Daroziash 668 kilometr, barash to 240 kilometr, masohatash 117000 km2, umqash dar shimol 110 metr, dar janub to 290 metr. Botnik ba du qism judo meshavad: shimol – Bottenvik (khaliji Botnik) va janub – …

BOTVINNIK Mikhail Moiseevich (4.8.1911, shahri Kuokala, Petrograd – 5.5.1995, Maskav), shohmotbozi rus, grossmeyster» IJShS, ustodi khidmatnishondodai varzishi IJShS (1945), grossmeysteri baynalkhalqi (1950). Chempioni jahon (1948-57, 1958-60, 1961-63). Doktori ilmhoi tekh­niki (1951), professor. Dar 12-solagi bo shohmot oshno shud va dar 14-solagi bori nakhust dar chempionati IJShS ishtirok kard. 7 karat …

BOTIYa (arabi jom, qadahi buzurg, lotini crater, rusi chasha), burji nimkurai janubii osmon, ki masohati 282,4 gradusi murabbaro faro girifta, 20 sitorai ba chashm namoyon dorad va dar osmoni sitorazor khub mushohida meshavad. Sito­rai munirtarinash a Crt buda, buzurgii sitoraviash 3,57m ast. Botiya az qadim malum buda, dar bisyor fehristhoi …

BOTE Valter Vilhelm Georg (8.1.1891, Oranienburg – 8.2.1957, Haydelberg), fiziki olmoni. Khatmkardai kurshoi tayyorii maktabi muqarrari dar Berlin (1908) va Universiteti Berlin (1913). Dar maktabi olii kishovarzii Ber­lin dars guftaast. Sipas, dar muassisai fizikavu tekhnikii imperiyavi ba haysi kormandi ilmii yorirason va dar laboratoriyai radioi, ki H. Geyger asos guzoshta …

BOTEV Khristo (takhallus; nomu nasabash Khristo Botev Petkov; 6.1.1849, dehai Kaloferi Bulgoriya (Imperi­yai usmoni) – 1.6.1876 maqtul dar jangi nazdi kuhi Vratsa), shoir, inqilobgar va qahramoni millii Bulgoriya. To soli 1863 dar zodgohash Kolfer tahsil namud. Tiramohi soli 1863 dar gimnaziyai Odessa tahsilro idoma do­daast. Soli 1866 az sababi payvastan …

BOTLOQ, qismi sernamu obi sathi Zamin, ki dar on moddahoi tabiii napusida jam meshavand va badan ba torf mubaddal megardand. Obi Botloq khokro sernam nigoh medorad. Dar chunin sharoit dar botloq nabototi namidust mesabzand. Botloq namiro nigoh doshta, kam bukhor me­kunad. On bar asari vaseshavii havzhoi ob va sernamshavii zaminhoi …