Oprichnina, oprishnina (az rusii qadim oprichniy —makhsus), sistemai chorabnnihoi favquloddai harbiyu mamuri va ijtimoiyu iqtisodii podshoh Ivani IV (Groz­niy) baroi mustahkam namudani hokimiyati mutlaqiyati markazonida shuda va barham dodani parokandagii feodali. Ivani IV barham zadani «oshubho»-ro maqsadi asosii Oprichnina medonist. Barobari jori kardani Oprichnina jazoi berahmonai oppozisiyai boyarhoyu knyazho va …

Orbeliane Sulkhan Sabo (4. 11. 1658, dehai Tandzia, hozira rayoni Bolnisii Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Gurjiston— 6. 2. 1725, Moskva), navisanda, olim va hodimi siyosii gurji. Dar oilai qozikaloni Kartli ba dunyo omadaast. Tarafdori hokimi mutlaqi bomarifat bud. Baroi najot dodani Gurjiston az zulmu istibdodi achnabiyon muboriza burdaast. Badi az eroniyon …

Optika (yunoni optike — ilm dar boram idroki bosiri, az optos — namoyon), yak fasli fizikaro guyand, ki dar on tabiati afkakishi optiki (rushnoy), pakhnoishi on dar muhithoi gunoguni fiziki va hodisahoe, ki hangomi tasiri mutaqobili rushnoi va modda ba amal meoyand, omukhta meshavand. Afkanishoti op­tiki yake az namudhoi mavjhoi …

Organ (yun. organon — olot, asbob), asbobi musiqii klavishdori qadimai yunoniyonro guyand. Organ dar Tojikiston ham dast. On dar tolori konsertii Instituti davlatii sanati Tojikiston ba nomi Mirzo Tursunzoda nasb shudaast (1978). In Organro fir­mai «Riger-kloss»-i Chekhoslavakiya sokhtaast. On doroi 2 manual va 29 registr buda, trakturaash mekhanikist. Nigared.  niz …

Omsk, viloyatest dar hayati Respublikai Sovetii Federativii Sotsialisti Rossiya . 7 dekabri 1934 tashkil shudaast. Masohat 139,7 hazor kilometr2. Aholiash 1955 hazor nafar (1979). Ba 32 rayon, 6 shahr, 15 posyolkai tipi shahr taqsim shudaast. Markazash shahri Omsk.             Tabiat. Omsk dar chanub hamvorii Si­biri Garbi, dar majroi miyonai Ir­tish …

Oloy, vodii Oloy, pastkhamii baynikuhi dar kukhistoni Hisoru Oloy, asosan dar Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Qirgiziston. Dar bayni qatorkuhhoi Oloy va Pasi Oloy az Garb ba Sharq ba masofai 150 kilometr tul kashidaast. Barash az 8 to 25 kilometr; masohat qarib 1700 kilometr2. Balandiash dar Garb 2240 metr, dar Sharq 3536 …

Omuzishgoh, muassisai talimiyu tarbiyavist, nomi muassisahoi talimii gunoguni kasbhoi tekhni­ki, miyonai makhsus (masalan, pedagogi, tibbi, sanat) va qisman olist (masalan, omuzishgohi olii harbi, Omuzishgohi olii tekhnikii Moskva ba nomi N. E. Bauman). Dar Rossiyai torevolyutsioni yak qator muassisahoi malumoti umumiro (omuzishgohi olii ibtidoi, omuzishgohi rea­li, omuzihgohi uezdi) niz Omuzishgoh menomidand.

Oloy, qatorkuhest dar sistemai kuhii Hisoru Oloi Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Qirgiziston  va qisman Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston. Balandiash to 5539 metr. Tulash qarib 400 kilometr. Vodii Fargonaro aa tarafi Janub ihota namudaast. Asosan az regsangu gil va varaqsanghoi kristalli tarkib yof­taast. Nishebii shimoliash yakchand vodihoi kundalang dorad, nishebii janubiash ba …

Om, daryoest dar viloyathoi Novo­sibirsk va Omski Respublikai Sovetii Federativii Sotsialisti Rossiya, shokhobi rosti daryoi Irtish (havzai daryoi Ob). Tulash 1091 kilometr, masohati havzaash 52 600 kilometr2. Az kanori janubi sharqii hamvorii Vasyugan ibtido yofta, beshtar dar pastii Barabin jori meshavad. Manbaash asosai barf. Davrai serobiash may — iyul. Sarfi …

Oloti istehsolot, olotest (moshin, dastgoh, asbobkho va gayra), ki bo yorii onho nemathoi moddi istehsol karda meshavand; juzi tarkibii vositahoi istehsolot.