Viloyati Omsk

Omsk, viloyatest dar hayati Respublikai Sovetii Federativii Sotsialisti Rossiya . 7 dekabri 1934 tashkil shudaast. Masohat 139,7 hazor kilometr². Aholiash 1955 hazor nafar (1979). Ba 32 rayon, 6 shahr, 15 posyolkai tipi shahr taqsim shudaast. Markazash shahri Omsk.

            Tabiat. Omsk dar chanub hamvorii Si­biri Garbi, dar majroi miyonai Ir­tish voqe gardidaast. Sathash hamvori teppavu nishebidor, jo-jo to 100—140 metr balandi dorad; dar qismi janub— qatorteppa; qismi shimolro botloqzori kalon faro giriftaast. Sarvathoi zerizamini: gil, peg, mergel, torf va gayra. Iqlimash kontinenti, khunuki mutadil. Zimistonash darozi qahratun, harorati miyo­nai yanvar qarib —20° Selsiya, tobistonash garmi kutohmuddat, harorati mohi iyul qarib 20°Selsiya.

Borishoti solona 300—400 millimetr. Davri nashvi rastani 153—162 shaboruz. Hamai daryohoyash ba havzai Irtish taalluq dorand. Kulash bisyor, dar Janub obi aksari onho shur, dar Shimol shirin. Khokash beshtar siyohkhok, inchunin khoki botloqi, shurzamin va khokistari, margzori, khokistarii beshagi, chimtoli­vu khokistari va gayra. Chahoryaki territoriyaro besha va buttazor ishgol kardaast. Navhoi asosii darakhtonash: jalguza, koj, tus, barglarzon. Az hayvonot sanjob, qoqum va ruboh, gavazni shimoli, shohgavazn, khongul, gurg, khirs; az parranda murgobi, qoz, tazarv, kabki khokistarrang, ti­tav va gayra hastand.

            Aholi. Dar viloyat asosan rusho, inchunin ukrainho, qazoqho, nemisho, totorho va digar khalqho zindagi mekunand. Zichii miyonai aholi dar 1 kilometr² 13,2 kas. Shahri kalontarin — Omsk. Shahrhoi khurdi Isilkul, Ka­lachinsk toraft vasevu seraholi meshavand.

            Khojagy. Omsk yake az rayonhoi az jihati iqtisodi taraqqikardai Sibiri Garbi meboshad. Sohahoi asosi — mo­shinsozi va korkardi metall, istehsoli mahsuloti neft, sanoati sa­buk va khurokvori. Az 4/3 hissai madhsuloti umumii sanoatii viloyat ba hamin sohaho rost meoyad. Hamai korkhonahoi sanoati vaznin va sabuk dar davrai Hokimiyati Soveti sokhta shudaand.

Korkhonahoi kalontarinash: Ittihodiyai istehsolii «Omsknefteorgsintez», zavodi «Omskgidroprivod»», zavodhoi apparaturai gaz, mo­tor, asbobhoi elektri, kauchuki suni va shina. In zavodho baroi istehsoli apparaturai elektrii hisobmoshinhoi khojagii qishloq, qismhoi ehtiyotii avtomobilu traktor, tajhizoti sanoati sabuk va khurokvori makhsus gardonida shudaand. Dar rayonhoi vi­loyathoi ravganu panir va shir, kombinathoi gusht, ord, fabrikahoi triko­taj hast. Viloyat taqriban 30%’ ravgani maskai Sibiri Garbiro istehsol mekunad; on az jihati istehsoli kon- servi shir dar Sibiri Garbi dar joi 1-um meistad. Dar shimoli viloyat 6 khojagii kaloni jangali sanoati voqest. Dar atrofi shahrhoi Tara va Omsk korkhonahoi chubgari hastand. Soli 1973 istehsoli quvvai elektr nisbat ba 1928 ziyoda az 800 marotiba afzud. Viloyat 170 kolkhoz va 208 sovkhoz dorad; qarib nisfi territoriyai viloyat (asosan qismi janubi on) kishtzor meboshad.

Az ziroati galladona gandumi bahori, javdor, jav, suli, juvorimakka; az ziroati tekhniki zagir, oftobparast, kartoshka koshta me­shavad. Sabzavotkori va ziroati po­lizi vusat yoftaast. Khojagii gushtu shir taraqqi kardaast. Dar nohiyahoi janubi parvarishi gusfandoni mahinpashm taraqqi kardaast. Shikori hayvonoti muinador (sanjob, ondatra, qoqum va gayra) vusat yoftaast. Khojagi va fermahoi parvarishi hayvonoti muinador dorad. Tuli rohi ohan 886 kilometr, rohi obii kishtigardi dokhili 1667 kilometr, rohi avtogmobilgard 1313 kilometr.

            Sokhtmoni madani va nigahdorii tandurusti. Soli tahsili 1978—-79 dar Omsk 1481 maktabi malumoti umumi (284,1 hazor talaba), 38 omuzishgohi kasbhoi tekhniki (15,5 hazor ta­laba), 36 maktabi miyonai makhsus (42,5 hazor talaba), 10 maktabi oli (dar Omsk ziyoda az 48,7 hazor stu­dent) bud. Soli 1979 dar muassisai tomaktabi 97,4 hazor kudak tarbiya meyoft. Soli 1979 dar viloyat 975 kitobkhonai ommavi, muzei kishvarshinosi va muzei sanati tasviri (dar Omsk); 4 teatri drama, mazhakai musiqi, lukhtak, teatri tamoshobini javon, filarmoniya (hamaash dar Omsk), 1542 klub, 1733 dastgohi kinonamoishdihi bud. Gazetahoi viloyatii «Omskaya pravda» (az soli 1917.) va «Molodoy sibiryak» (az 1920) nashr meshavand. Radio va televizioni viloyati amal mekunand. Soli 1979 dar viloyat 205 muassisai tabobatii doroi 24,2 hazor kat bud; 7275 dukhtur, 7 sanatoriya, 2 sanatoriya — profi­laktoriya, 4 khonai istirohat dosht.