UGANDA

UGANDA, Respublikan Uganda (Republis of Uganda), davlatest dar Afrikai Sharqi. Ba ittihodi Britaniya dokhil ast. Masohatash 236 hazor km2. Aholiash 14,6 mln nafar (1984); asosan khalqhoi bantu. Aholii shahri 7%. Zaboni rasmi anglisi va suakhili. Qarib az panj se hissai aholi ba dinu oinhoi mahalli etiqod dorad, boqimonda nasroniho va musulmononand. Poytakhtash shahri Kampala. Iyuli 1985 tabadduloti davlati ba amal omad. To iyuli 1985 kori hokimiyati qonunbarorro muvofiqi konstitusiya parlament (iborat az prezident va Assambleyai milli) ijro mekard; vazifai hokimiyati ijroiyaro boshad, davlat bo sardorii prezident ado menamud.

Sathi Uganda asosan hamvor ast (az sathi bahr 1109—1500 m). Dar garb kuhhoi Ruvenzori (to 5109) voqe gashtaand. Iqlimash ekvatorii mussonist. Harorati miyonai mohona 18—22°S. Borishotn solona az 750 mm to 1500 mm. Kulhoi kalonash: Mobutu-Sese-Seko va Viktoriya. Daryoi asosiash Nil. Alafzorhoi qadbaland va beshahoi khazonrezu hameshasabz mavjudand. Boghoi milliash: Ruvenzori va Kabarega.
Asrhoi miyona dar hududi Uganda davlathoi ibtidoii feodalii Kitara- Bunoro (dertar nomash Unoro), Ankole, Toro mavjud budand. Miyonai asri 19 davlati Buganda, ki dar asri 15 bunyod shuda bud, quvvat girift. Solhoi 90 asri 19 va avvali asri 20 davlathoi nomburdaro Britaniyai Kabir ba protektorati khud tabdil dod va onho muzofothoi avtonomii protektorati Uganda gardidand. Az oktyabr 1962 Uganda davlati mustaqil ast. 25 yanvari 1974 dar Uganda tabadduloti harbi ba amal omad. Soli 1979 hukumati harbi sarnagun gardid, hokimiyat ba Fronti millii ozodikhohoiai Uganda guzasht. Iyuli 1985 tabadduloti harbi ba amal omad. Az soli 1962 bo SSSR aloqai diplomati dorad.
Asosi iqtisodiyoti Uganda — khojagii qishloq. Ziroati asosii eksportiash: qahva (168,6 hazor ton 1982), pakhta va choy. Mis, fosforit istikhroj mekunand. Korkhonahoi sanoati adviyot, bofandagi, misgudozi, khimiya dorad. Tuli rohi ohan 1,3 hazor km, rohhoi avtomobilgard 27 hazor km. Sharikoni asosii tijoratiash: Keniya, Britaniyai Kabir, ShMA, Yaponiya, Niderland, Fransiya, Italiya, Hinduston, SSSR. Vohidi pul — shillingi ugandi.