SANOATI SABUK

SANOATI SABUK, majmui sohahoi makhsusgardonidai sanoat, ki az navhoi gunoguni ashyoi khom masnuoti istemoli umumi istehsol mekulad. Sanoati sabuki Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR dar istehsoli mahsuloti jamiyati mavqei muhim dorad. Bofandagi, duzandagi, charmu muimna va poyafzol sohahoi asosii Sanoati sabuk meboshand. Mahsuloti Sanoati sabuk dar sanoati mebel, aviatsiya, avtomobil, khurokvori va digar sohahoi sanoat, khojagii qishloq, naqliyot, tandurusti niz istifoda meshavad. Sanoati sabuk hamchun sohai sanoati kaloni fabriki dar nimai duyumi asri 18 ba vujud omad.

Korkhonahoi avvalini Sanoati sabuk dar Rossiya asri 17 sokhta shudand. Avvali asri 18 bo yorii davlat manufakturahoi mohutu ka- top va gayra tasis yoftand, ki asosan suporishi davlatiro ijro mekardand. Dar nimai duyumi asri 19 aksar sohahoi Sanoati sabuk bosurat taraqqP kar- dand. Iorasomi ashyoi khom va qafo- monpp moshopsozn taraqqii Sanoati sabuk ro bozmsdosht. Rossiya taqr. ipsfi ashbp khom oa hamai tajhizotro az digar mamlakatho msgprift. Dar ha- ma sohahoi Sanoati sabuk korro dpsty oa jo msovardand. Dar patijai Jangi yaku- mi jahonn (1914—1918), Jangi graj- dany pa intsrvspspyai harby (1918—1920) istehsolp umumin mahsulotn Sanoati sabuk i Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR khels kam shud. Dar dav- ran barqarorkuni (1921—1925) aznav- sozii sapoatp poyafzol,, duzapdagi, trpkotaj, dar Osnyop Mibna pa Za- kavkaenya sapoatn pillakashi, abrs- shim va g. sar shud. Korkhonahoi pa- vn matohop pakhtagin, mohutu kam- vol, shohibofn, ppllakashi, trikota- jn, duzandagi, poyafzol sokhta shu- dapd. S. 1928 Sanoati sabuki Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR nazar ba soli 1913 beshtar mahsulot barovard.
Solhoi panjsolahoi pesh az jang (1929—1940) dar Toshkentu Barnaul kombinathoi matoi pakhtagin, dar Smolensk, Orsh va Vologda kombinathoi matoi katoni, dar Kiev, Semipalatinsk va Monino (viloyati Moskva) kombinathoi pashm, inchunin fabrikahoi poyaf- zol, zavodhoi charm va charmi suni sokhta shudand. Sanoati charchinvorni niz ravnaq yoft.
Dar solhoi Jangi Buzurgi Vatani (1941—1945) fashistoni nemis bisyor korkhonahoi Sanoati sabukro az kor barovarda, ba on zarari kalon rasondand. Vale dar sharoiti vaznini jang ham Sanoati sabuk Armiyai Sovetiro bo saru libos, poyafzol va gayra purra tamin kard. Dar panjsolai 4-um (1946—1950) Sanoati sabuk ba zudi barqaror gardid va taraqqi kard. Soli 1950 hajmi mahsuloti Sanoati sabuk nazar ba soli 1940 12% afzud; darajai tekhnikii bisyor korkhonaho dar natijai mekhanikoni va avtomatonii istehsolot khele baland shud.
Vusati musobiqai sotsialisti ba peshrafti Sanoati sabuk musoidat kard. Solhoi badijangi dar Kamishin, Engels, Kherson, Barnaul (kombinati 2- yum), Dushanbe (navbati 2-yumi kombinat) korkhonahoi kaloni sanoati matohoi pakhtagin, dar Minsk, Kras- nodar, Ivanovo, Sverdlovsk korkhonahoi sanoati pashm, dar Krasnoyarsk, Kalinin, Leninobod sanoati abreshim va dar bisyor shahrhoi mamlakat korkhonahoi gunoguni Sanoati sabuk tasis yoftand. Bisyor Korkhonahoi mavjuda bo tajhizoti sermahsul jihozonida shudand. Istehsoli mahsuloti Sanoati sabuki Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR sol to sol meafzoyad. (nigared jadvali 1).
Inkishofi istehsoli mahsuloti Sanoati sabuk ba afzoishi istehsoli ashyoi khom — pakhta, pashm, poyai zagir, pust, nakhhoi khimiyavi vobasta ast. Soli 1980 davlat az kolkhozu sovkhozho 9,96 million tonna pakhta, 291 hazor tonna nakhi zagir, 461 hazor tonna pashm kharid. Dar taraqqii minbadai Sanoati sabuk ba masalai baland bardoshtani sifat, gunogunii khelhoi mahsulot, ba roh mondani istehsoli navhoi nav va ziyod namudani istehsoli mahsuloti sermasrifi aholi diqqati makhsus doda meshavad. Dar Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR baroi tayyor kardani mutakhassison-tekhnologho va rassomoni Sanoati sabuk maktabhoi oli va miyonai makhsus mavjudand. Korgaron dar maktabhoi fabrikayu zavodho, omuzishgohhoi kasbhoi tekhniki, kursho va gayra talim megirand. Ba Sanoati sabuk i mamlakat 34 instituti ilmi va 10 instituti lonihakashi khizmat merasonand (1971).
Kori in korkhonaho dasti ba jo ovarda meshud. Dar solhoi Hokimiyati Sovsti Sanoati sabuki respublika ru ba taraqqi nihod. Korkhonahoi pakhtatozakuni va dukonhoi hunarmandii mavjuda vase karda shudand, zavodhoi nav bino yoftand. Solhoi 1928— 1929-um 8 zavodi pakhtatozakuni bud, ki onho dar in solho 21,6 hazor tonna pakh- taro toza kardand. Soli 1913 dar hududi Tojikiston hamagi 1 hazor tonna nakhi pakhta istehsol shudaast, soli 1928 boshad, istehsoli on ba 4,5 hazor tonna rasid. Soli 1932 kombinathoi abreshimi Dushanbe (ba nomi Nadejda Konstantinovna Krupskaya), Leninobod, F-kan duzandagpi, Dushan- be (s. 1933, hozira Ittihodiyai istehsolii «50-solagii Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR») ba kor daromadand. Dar panjsolahoi minbada korkhonahoi navu kaloni Sanoati sabuk Kombinati qolinbofii ‘Bayraqi (Surkhi Mehnatdori Qayroqqum, Ittihodiyai istehsolii matohoi pakhtagin va Ittihodiyai istehsolii charmu poyafzoli Dushanbe, 3avodi pakhtatozakunii Khujand, ittihodiyahoi pakhtatozakunii Tursunzoda, Qurgonteppa, Kulob va digar sokhta, ba istifoda doda shudand. In korkhonaho bo tajhizotu dastgohhoi sermahsuli hozirazamon kor mekunand. Tanho yak Zavodi pakhtatozakunii Khujand 1/4 hissai nakhi pakhtai respublikaro istehsol mekunad, Ittihodiyai matohoi pakhtagini Dushanbe boshad, sole ziyoda az 100 million metr mato mebarorad. Sanoati sabuki Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston ittihodiyai istehsoli va korkhonahoi 6 soharo dar bar megirad (1977).
Dar natijai afzoishi mablagguzori, mekhanikoni va avtomatonii mehnat Sanoati sabuki respublika bosurat zud. Soli 1979-um 184 nomgui mahsuloti Sanoati sabuk sazovori Nishoni davlatii sifat gardid.
Adabiyot: Ocherki ekonomiki tekstilnoy promishlennosti Soyuza Sovetskikh Sosialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR, Moskva—Leningrad. 1946; KislyakovB. I., Legkaya industriya za 50 let, Moskva, 1967; Iz istorii industrializasii Tadjikskoy Sovetskoy Sosialisticheskoy Respubliki, Dushanbe„ 1972; Sovetskiy Tadjikistan za 50 let, Dushanbe 1975; Narodnoe khozyaystvo Tadjikskoy Sovetskoy Sosialisticheskoy Respubliki v 1978 goda, Dushanbe, 1980; Narodnoe khozyaystvo Soyuza Sovetskikh Sosialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR v 1980 godu, Moskva, 1981.
V. Asomatov, S. Komilov.