MURCh

MURCh, murchi s i yo h, fulful, f i l f i l, (Piper nigrum), buttai lianmonandest az oilai  murchiho. daroziash to 12 metr; poyai borik, bargi bayzashakli dumchadori paydarham joygiranda, khushaguli sarakmonand (daroziash 5—10 santimetr), guli may­dai safed yo zardtob va guraki yakpalla dorad. Az vazishi bod gardolud meshavad. Mevaash donachai yaktukhma (diametrash 3—5 millimetr), tundi sabz va badi pukhtan surkh meshavad. Murch bui khush dorad. Donai Murchro dar nimkhomi megundorand; badi khushkonidan siyoh meshavad. Murchii kufta yo fulfuli suda dar sanoati khurokvori ahamiyati kalon dorad. Dar kishvarhoi Sharq az zamonhoi qadim mamul bud. Murchro pesh ba Osiyoi Miyona va az jumla ba Tojikiston az Hindustop meovardand. Dar tib hamchun vositai ishtihoovar va hozim istifoda meshavad, inchunin juzi tarkibii baze doruho meboshad.

Murch: 1—shokhchai gul; 2—meva.

Murchii khudruy dar Osiyoi Janubi Sharqi va Hinduston mesabzad. Murch besh- tar dar nohiyahoi tropikii Osiyo (makhsusan dar Hinduston, jazirahoi Sumatra, Yava, Borneo, Shri-Lanka va gayra), Afrikai Sharqi va Amerika kishta meshavad. Dar Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti SSSR faqat dar garmkhonaho parvarish mekunand.

Murchro bo tukhm yo kuchat ziyod mekunand. Niholi Murch badi 3—4 soli kisht va badi 5—b mohi kuchat gul mekunad. Mevaash badi 8—10 moh mepazad. Az har yak rastani 0,6—1,5* kilogramm hosil megundorand. Tundii murch ba miqdori moddai piperin (5— 9%), buyash ba ravgani efir (0,9— 2,5%) vobasta ast, inchunin 1—2% zift, 6—12% ravgan va ohar dorad.

Adabiyot: Bush N. A., Sistematika vis­shikh rasteniy, Moskva, 1050; Mu r a v yova D. A., G a m m e r m a n A. F., Tropiches­kie i subtropicheskie lekarstvennie rasteniya, Moskva, 1974.

S. Yu. Yunusov.