MONIZM

MONIZM (az yun. monos — yak, yagona), tarzi barrasii gunogunshaklii hodisahoi olam dar asosi yak mabda, yak zamina («javhar»)-i kulli mavjudot va tahiyai nazariyai onon dar shakli inkishofi mantiqan pay dar pay qaziyai ibtidoi. Az in ru, dualizm (du mabdai mustaqilro etirof mekunad) va plyuralizm (sershumorii mabdahoro etirof mekunad) ziddi Monnezioz meboshand. Monnezioz dar ibtido tasavvuroti soddalavhonae dar borai «nakhustashyo» bud, ki guyo hama chiz az on paydo shudaast (mas., «ob dar talimoti Fales, «otash dar Geraklit). Masalai asosii Monneziozi falsafiro fahmishi robitai mutaqobilai moddiyot va ruhiyot tashkil medihad, ki on halli materialistona yo idealistonai masalai asosii falsafaro dar nazar dorad. Monneziozi materialisti ruhiyotro az moddiyot hosila medonad va az in jihat ham ba Monneziozi idealisti zid ast. Navi Monneziozi subektiviyu idealisti ba nom «Monneziozi betaraf (makhizm, empiriomonizm va g.) meboshad, ki ham ruhiyot va ham moddiyotro hosila az yak mabdai betaraf (dar falsafai Makh «unsurho») meshumorad. Monneziozi idealisti ofarinishi olamro ba tavri rasionali sharh dodani shud, ki masalai mazkur aslan halnoshudani buda, ba malumothoi tabiatshinosiyu mantiq niz zid ast. Dualizm mustaqiliyati javhari moddi va ruhiro etirof karda, mutobiqati prosesshoi jismoniyu ruhoniro dar raftori odam tabir karda nametavonad. Bar khilofi Monneziozi idealisti va dualizm Monneziozi materialisti ruhiyotro khosiyat va furqiyati materiya medonad. Materializmi metafiziki ruhiyotro bevosita bo tabiat payvastani shuda, paydoishi ruhiyotro az moddiyot va tabdili ruhiyotro ba moddiyot sharh doda natavonist. Vay inchunin prinsipi Monneziozi materialistiro subotkorona ba hayoti jamiyat naguzarond. Shakli oli va yagona durusti Monnezioz materializmi dialektiki meboshad, ki on prinsipi yagonai olami moddiro bo prinsipi inkishof payvasta, mahsuli materiyai mutaharrik budani tamomi hodisoti gunoguni tabiat, jamiyat va shuuri insonro isbot namud. Ba falsafa dokhil shudani kategoriyai amalii baroi tahlili robitai mutaqobili moddiyot va ruhiyot, talimot dar borai hasti va shaklhoi marifati on va masalahoi muhimi metodologii yagonagii tafakkur va amaliyoti revolyusioni imkoniyat dod.

Ad.: Engels F., Anti-Dyuring, D., 1976; Lenin V. I., Daftarkhoi filosofe, As., ch. 38; Naumenio L. K., Monizm kak prinsip dialekticheskoy logiki, Alma-Ata, 1968.