MILAN

MILAN (Milano), shahrest dar shimoli Italiya, markazi mamurii vil. Lombardiya va muzofoti Milan. Kalontarin markazi iqtisodi va madanii mamlakat. Aholiash 1,7 mln, bo atrofash 4 mln nafar (1976). Uzeli rohi ohan va rohhoi avtomobilgard. Kanalhoi kishtigard Milanro bo d. Po payvastaand. Aeroportash ahamiyati baynalkhalqi dorad. Sohahoi asosii savoatash: moshinsozii gunogunsoha (samolyotu motor, avtomobilu trak­tor va dastgohho, istehsoli moto­sikl, velosiped, tajhizoti rohi ohan, Turbinaho, inchunin moshinsozii sohahoi zlektrotekhnikayu radioelektronika) va sanoati harbi. Sanoati istehsoli mahsuloti neft, khimiya, rezin, metallurgiya (makhsusan istehsoli pulodhoi khushsifat), bofandagi, khurokvori, duzandagi, charmu poyafzol, shisha, poligrafiya taraqqi kardaast. Dar Milan yakchand maktabi oli (universitet, instituti politekhniki, universitethoi katoliki va savdo, konservatoriya, akademiyai sanoei nafisa va dig.) va muassisahoi ilmi, kitobkhonaho, teatri operai «La Skala» va dig. teatrod muzeyho, nigoristoni suratho mavjudand. Namunai imorathoi Rimi Qadim, yodgorii a-hoi 4 va 9—13 (kalisoi San-Lorenso Machore, Sant-Ambrocho, Sant- Eustorcho va g.) va davrai Ehyo (Pa­lasso della Rayone, kalisoi jomei goti, Kastello Sforsesko, Palasso Marino va g.) boqi mondaand. Az imorathoi asri 20 binoi Rustichi, unstituti tijorati, pavilonhoi namoishgohi Milan, Torre Be laskay osmonbus va g. jolibi diqqatand.

Milan okhiri asri 5 yo avvali asri 4 to m. bunyod yoftaast. Az soli 196 to m. dar hayati Rim (nomi rimiash Mediola­num). Asrhoi 11—12 M.— markazi muhimi hunarmandiyu savdo. Soli 1162 az tarafi qushunhoi imperator Fridrikhi I Barbaros vayron karda shud, vale dere naguzashta az hisobi ligai Lombard az nav barqaror gardid. Az soli 1535 dar hayati Ispaniya.

Soli 1706 shahrro Avstriya, 1796 qushunhoi Napoleon ishgol kardand. Soli 1797 poytakhti respublikai Sizalpin, 1802 — respublikai Italiya, 1805 — korolii Italiya. Solhoi 1815— 59 boz dar hayati Avstriya. Soli 1861 ba korolii Italiya hamroh shuda markazi muhimi harakati korgari gardid. Soli 1882 dar Milan partiyai kor­gari tashkil yoft. Soli 1943 Milanro fashistoni nemis ishgol namudand. 26 apreli 1945 shabi ozod karda shud.