Abbosi I

Abbosi I (27. 1. 1571, Hirot – 19. 1. 1629, Mozandaron), shohi Eron, az sulolai Safaviyon. Solhoi hukmroniash – 1588 – 1629. Abbosi I pisa­ri volii Khuroson Muhammad Mirzo buda, bo nomi Shoh Abbosi Kabir niz mashhur bud. Abbos I avval bo madadi qaboili ustojlu va shomilu soli 1581 dar Nishopur hokimiyatro , sohib shuda, khudro shohi Khuroson elon kard. Soli 1588 bo yorii toifai qizilboshon voridi poytakhti davlati Safaviho – Qazvin gardid va padarash Muhammad Mirzoro sabukdush karda, khudro shohi Eron elon kard.

Dar in muddat Abbos I se mushkili umdai davlati Safaviyonro hal namud: av­val tahdidi turkhoi Usmoni, duyum khatari uzbekoni shayboniro bartaraf namuda, seyum qudrati qizil boshonro tavsea dod. Ibtido bo Turkiya ba muddate paymoni dusti bast; sipas vilolthoi Sheroz, Kirmon, Gelon va Khurramobodi Luristonro tasarruf namud; soli 1598 uzbekoni Khurosonro shikast doda, Hirotro tobei khud kard va khudi hamon sol poytakh­ti davlati Safaviyonro az Qaazvin ba Isfahon kuchonda, Bukhoro, Khuroson va Movaroi Qafqozro ba itoati khud darovard. Dar andak muddat simoi shahri Isfahon tagyir yoft va binohoi tarikhii asri safavi – Maydoni Shoh, masjidi shaykh Lutfulloh,  Masjidi Shoh, Puli Ollohberdikhon, Khiyoboni Chahorbog, Kokhi Oli Qomu bunyod gardidand. Minbad Abbosi I baroi islohoti devoni, mamuri va nizomi niz iqdom kard.

Pas az anjomi islohoti nizomi Abbos 1 soli 1601 Tabrez va Shervonro az turkhoi Usmoni ozod namud va bo ma­dadi floti anglis zaminhoi janubi Eron va Bahrayn (1601 -1602), Qandahor (1621) va Hurmuzgonro (1622) az portugaliho bozpas girift. Soli 1623 Iroqro tasarruf namud. Dar siyosati khud Abbosi I takya ba sarvatmandon va ashrofi turk mekard; tamomi umr muqobili feodaloni sahronishin va sarkash muboriza burd. Islohoti moliyoti va pulii Abbosi I niz natijai khub dodand. U baroi obodonii kishvar az asironi harbii gurjiho, armaniho, ozariho, cherkasiho, turkmanho istifoda burd. Dar ahdi Abbosi I rohho, pulho, korvonsaroyho, hammomho va bozorhoi sershumore bunyod gardidand, ki ba vazi iqtisodi, tijorati dokhilivu khoriji va munosiboti puli tasiri musbat rasondand.

Hamchunin sanathoi tasviri, oroishi amali, khattoti, naqqoshi va hunarhoi koshikori, qolinbofi, nassoji, kuloli, shishagariyu chinisozi niz khele ravnaq yoftand. Abbosi I bo Angliya, Portugaliya, Ispaniya, Avstriya, Gollandiya, Ros­siya munosibathoi khubi diplomati barqaror kard. Vale bo vujudi in dar davroni saltanati Abbosi I dar sarosari qalamravash shurishhoi khalqi (Gelon, 1592, Garjiston, 1624 va gayra) sar zadand, ki berahmona sarkub shudand.