Marv

MAPB – yake az shahrhoi qadimtarini Osiyoi Miyona. Dar nazdikii sh. Bayramalii Turkmaniston, sohili Murgob voqe buda ast. Boqimondahoi Marv az 5 dimna (Erkqala, Gavrqala, Sultonqala, Abdullohkhonqala, Bayramkhonqala) iborat ast. Dimnahoro solhoi 80 asri 19 V. A. Jukovskiy va sonitar arkheolog B. B. Piotrovskiy omukhtaand. Soli 1946 bo rohbarii M. E. Masson dar Turkmanistoni Janubi ekspedisiyai arkheologi tadqiqot burd. Qismi kadimii Marv—Erkqala (sathash 12 ga) dar nimai avvali hazorai 1 to m. ba vujud omadaast. Davrai taraqqiyot va mustaqkamshavii Marv ba asrhoi 2 to m. va 3 m. rost meoyad.

Dar in vaqt Marv az se qism iborat buda, az jihati sokhtmon ba shahrhoi shimoli Port shabohat dosht va sathash 60 km2 bud. Qurgoni Erkqala, Gavrqala, du kuchai asosi, mahallahoi dokhili va istehkomhoi shahr bo devorho ihota shudaast. Dar asri 3 m. Marv ba hayati davlati Sosoniyon dokhil buda, asri 4 m. dar barobari barham khurdani sokhti gulomdori, ru ba tanazzul nihod, ammo to istiloi arab (asri 7) istehkomi harbii Sosoniyon bud. Dar in davra dar Gavrqala va atrofi on ibodatkhonahoi budparastonu nasroniyon va qurgonhoi feodalon, ki bo devorhoi «burmashakl»-i duqabata ihota shuda budand, ba vujud omadand., Dar asri 8 badi ba dasti Abbosoyon guzashtani hokimiyat, Sultonqala markazi mamuri gardid. Dar davrai poytakht budani Sultonqala

(dar on joe, ki maqbarai Sulton Sanjar voqest) Marv rivoju ravnaq, yoft va okhiri asri 11 va avvali, asri 12 poytakhti davlati buzurgi Saljuqiyon qapop girift. Okhiri asri 12 va asri 13 Marv yake az markazhoi muhimi davlati Khorazmshohiyon shud. Soli 1222 dar natijai istiloi mugulho ba kharobazor tabdil yoft. Asri 15 Marv (joi hozirai dimnai Abdulohkhonqala) az nav bunyod shuda, dar davrai hukmronii Shohrukh ru ba obodi nihod. Asrhoi 16—18 Marv dar joi dimnai Bayramalikhonqala vujud dosht. Dar asrhoi 17—18 hokimiyati shahr az dast ba dast meguzarad va tanho soli 1883 on bo khohishi sokinonash ba Rossiya hamroh shud. Marv dar tuli asrho borho ba markazi ilmu adab tabdil yoft, namoyandagoni on ba inkishofi adabiyot, afkori ilmiyu falsafi va ijtimoii khalqhoi Osiyoi Miyona sahmi arzanda guzoshtand. Imruz Marv shahri sosialisti buda, 30 km garbtari rohi Ashqobod voqest (Nig. Mari).

Shahri Marv dar Kharita

Ad.: Obelchenko O. V., Gorodisha Starogo Merva Abdullakhankala i Bayram-Ali-khan-kala i svete rabot YuTAKE 1950 g.— Trudi Yujno-Turkmenistanskoy arkheologicheskoy kompleksnoy ekspedisii, t. 14. Ashkhabad, 1969; Usmanova Z. I., Novie dannie k arkheologicheskoy stratigrafii Erkkali. Trudi Yujno-Turkmenistanskoy arkheologicheskoy kompleksnoy ekspedisii. Ashkhabad, 1969.G. V. Belyaeva.