Viloyati POLTAVA

POLTAVA, viloyatest dar hayati RSSU. 22 sentyabri 1937 tashkil shudaast. Dar qismi markazii Sohili Chapi Ukraina voqe gardidaast. Masohati 28,8 hazor km². Aholiash 1741 hazor nafar (1979). Viloyat 25 rayon, 13 shahr, 23 ptsh dorad. Markazash shahri Poltava.

Tabiat. Poltava dar sufahoi qadimai daryoi Dnepr va shokhobhoi on, dar intihoi janubu garbii nishebii balandii Miyonai Rus voqe ast. Sathash hamvor buda (balandiash dar Shimolu Sharq 170—202 m, dar Janubu Garb 60—100 m), ba sui Dnepr nisheb meshavad. Dar Sharq hamvori asosan teppador, dar on jo vodihoi daryoho, jari va obburdaho hastand. Iqlimash mutadili kontinenti. Harorati miyonai yanvar az — 5,5 to —7,6°S, iyul 20—21,7°S. Borishoti solona 430—560 mm. Daryohoyash ba havzai Dnepr mansub: shokhobhoi chapi on — Sula, Psyol, Vorskla. Yak qismi obanbori Kremenchug dar territoriyai viloyat voqe ast. Qismi ziyodi territoriyai Poltavaro (to 70%) siyohkhoki gumusdor tashkil mekunad. 7,5% territoriyai viloyatro jangal pushondaast. Olami hayvonot:

Shohgavazn, khongul, guroz, gurg, qashqaldoq, ruboh, khaz, khargush, khomyak, yurmon. Az parranda uqob, dugdor, laklak, murgobi va qozi yoboi, bedona, kabk, juri dashti, jangali va gayra hast. Daryovu kulho mohii bisyore dorad. Dar viloyat dendropark va du qitai mamnugoh hast.

Aholi. Dar viloyat asosan ukrainho (91,3%) va rusho zindagi mekunand. Zichii miyonai aholi dar 1 km² 60,1 nafar.iShahrhoi kalon: Poltava, Kremenchug, Lubni, Mirgorod, Piryatin, Khorol, Gadyach. Dar solhoi Hokimiyati Soveti shahrhoi nav — Karlovka, Grebyonka, Komsomolsk bunyod shudand.

Khojagi. To Revolyutsiyai Oktyabri 1917 territoriyai Poltava rayoni qafomondai agrari bud. Sanoati on asosan az korkhonahoi khurd iborat bud, ki onho bo korkardi ashyoi khomi khojagii qishloq mashgul budand. Dar davrai Hokimiyati Soveti Poltava ba rayoni mutaraqqii industraliyu agrari tabdil yoft. Mahsuloti umumii sanoati on soli 1973 nazar ba 1940 8,9 barobar afzud. Sohahoi asosii sanoat: moshinsozi va korkardi metall, sabuk, masolehi binokori va chubgari. Dar solhoi badi jang ba tufayli kashf shudani konhoi neftu gaz (Radchenkovo, Glivsko-Roebishevskoe va digar) sohahoi navi sanoat — neft, gaz, khimiya, korkardi mahsuloti neft, kuhkori ba vujud omadand. Stansiyahoi elektrii olavi va GES-i Kremenchug (dar daryoi Dnepr) viloyatro bo energiyai elektr tamin mekunand. Korkhonaho asosan dar Poltava (zavodhoi tamiri teplovoz, turbomekhaniki, «Khimmash» va digar), dar Kremenchug (avtomobil, vagonsozy), dar Lubni (dastgoh, moshin, moshinhoi hisobbaror), dar Karlovka (tajhizot baroi sanoati khurokvori) gird omadaand. Dar viloyat zavodhoi sanoati zud taraqqi kardaistodai khimiya — korkardi mahsuloti neft va duda (Kremenchug), khimikiyu farmasevti (Lubni), almosi suni (Poltava) voqe gardidaand. Dar sanoati khurokvori istehsoli gusht (kombinathoi gushti Poltava, Lubni, Mirgorod, Piryatyan, Gadyach), qand (Lokhvitsa, Kobelyaki, Yareski va digar), shir (Poltava, Kremenchug va digar), konserv (Piryatin, Mirgorod, Poltava), ravganu charb (Poltava), spirt (Lokhvitsa), tamoku (Kremenchug) khele taraqqi kardaand. Dar sanoati sabuk sohahoi resmonresi, trikotaj, poyafzol, duzandagi, dar sanoati chubgari sohahoi mebel, kombinathoi khonasozi, masolehi binokori, konstruksiyahoi ohanu beton, khisht va gayra taraqqi kardaand. Dar khojagii qishloqi viloyat gallakoriyu kishti lablabui qand va parvarishi chorvoi shiru gushtdeh bartari dorad. Soli 1973 dar viloyat 481 kolkhoz va 44 sovkhoz bud. Ziroati asosii kishtshavanda: gandumi tiramohi, lubiyogiho, juvorimakka, javdor, lablabui qand, kartoshka, sabzavotu ziroati polizi.

Maorif va sokhtmoni madani. Soli tahsili 1973/1974 dar 1258 maktabi malumoti umumii viloyat 267 hazor, dar 37 maktabi kasbhoi tekhniki 16,3 hazor, dar 30 maktabi miyonai makhsus 27 hazor talaba, dar 5 maktabi oli (dar Poltava) 16,9 hazor student tahsil kard. Soli 1973 dar 516 muassisai tomaktabi 50,8 hazor kudak tarbiya yoft. Soli 1974 dar viloyat 1228 kitobkhonai ommavi, muzeyi tarikhi muhoribai Poltava, muzeyi badei, muzeyi kishvarshinosi dar Poltava (dar Lokhvitsa va Mirgorod filial dorad), muzeyhoi adabi-yodgorii P. Mirniy, I. P. Kotlyarevskiy, V. G. Korolenko (Poltava), muzeyi adabi-yodgorii D. Guramlshvili (Mirgorod), muzeyi adabi-yodgorii N. V. Gogol (dehai Velikie Sorochinsi), muzei A. S. Ma- karenko (rayoni Kremenchug), muzeyi adabi-yodgorii A. M. Gorishi (dehai Manuylovka), muzeyhoi kishvarshinosii Lubni va Kremenchug; 2 teatr, 1105 klub, 1346 dastgohi kinonamoishdihi, 70 muassisai tomaktabi kor mekard. Gazetahoi viloyatii «Zorya Poltavshini» (az soli 1917) va «Komsomoles Poltavshipi» (az soli 1938) ba zaboni ukraini nashr meshavad.