Viloyati Orenburg

Orenburg, viloyatest dar hayati Respublikai Sovetii Federativii Sotsialistii Rossiya. 7 dekabri 1934 (az soli 1938 to 1957 viloyati Chkalov) tashkil yoftaast. Masohat 124 hazor kilometr². Aholiash 2069 hazor nafar (1979). 34 rayon, 10 shahr va 25 posyolkai tipi shahr dorad. Markazash shahri Oren­burg. Bo du ordeni Lenin (1956, 1968) mukofotonida shudaast.

Tabiat. Territoriyai Orenburg Nazdi Urali Janubi, kanorhoi Urali Janubi va intihoi janubi Pasi Uralro darbar giriftaast. Relefash asosan kham- vor. Sarvathoi zerizamini: gazi tabii, neft, namak, varaqsang, madani metallhoi siyoh, ranga va gayra. Iqlimash nihoyat kontinenti va khushk.

Zimiston khunuk, buronhoi barfi ba amal meoyand. Tobiston garm, zud-zud garmser mevazad. Harorati miyonai yanvar— 14° Selsiya—22° Selsiya. Borishoti solona 450 millimetr — 300 millimetr. Davrai nashv 180 shaboruz. Daryohoi kalon: Ural bo shokhobhoi asosiash — Sakmara (az rost), Or, Kumaki Kalon va Ilak (az chap), dar Shimoli Garb— shokhobhoi Samara, Kama va Belaya (havzai Vol­ga).

Zaminash asosan siyohkhok va dorchinii baland, jo-jo shurzamin. Dar Orenburg ruboh, khargush, yurmon, sugur, murgobi, qoz, loykhurak, dug-dog va gayra hast.

Aholi. Aholii asosii viloyat rushoand; totorho, ukrainho, qazoqho, mordvaho, boshqirdho, chuvashho va digar niz zindagi mekunand. Zichii miyonai aholi dar 1 kilometr 16,6 kas. Shahrho: Orenburg, Orsk, Novotroisn, Abdulino, Buzuluk, Buguruslav, Gay, Quvoyadiq, Mednogorsk, Sol-Ilesk, Sorochinsk.

Khojagi. Dar davrai Hokimiyati Soveti dar Orenburg sarvathoi gunoguni zerizamini kashf shudand, ki dar asosi onho sohahoi navi sanoat ba vujud omadand va korkhonahoi kaloni sanoati sokhta shudand. Orenburg dar ayni hol yake az rayonhoi az jihati sa­noat va khojagii qishloq taraqqikardai Respublikai Sovetii Federativii Sotsialistii Rossiya meboshad. Metallurgiyai siyoh va ran­ga, moshinsozi va korkardi metall nisfi tamomi mahsuloti sanoatro medihand.

Sanoati neftu gaz, khurokvori va sabuk niz ravnaq yoftaast. Korkhonahoi sanoati metalli siyoh bo madani ohani mahalli va kashondashavanda (kombinati metallurgii Orsk — Khalilovo dar Novotroisk) kor mekunand, istikhroji – madani mis (koni Gay) va gudozishi on (Mednogorsk), sanoati nikelu ko­balt (kombinati «Yujnouralnikel» dar Orsk va zavodi Buruktal), korkardi metallhoi ranga (Orsk), istikhroji tillo va baze metallhoi nodir inkishof yoftaand.

Sanoati moshinsozi, ki metalli mahalli va metalli digar zavodhoi Uralro istifoda mekunad, korkhonahoi moshinsozi (zavodi moshini Urali Janubi dar Orsk, zavodi moshinhoi vaznin dar Buauluk), masnuoti elektrotekhniki (zavodi «Uralelektromotori Mednogorsk), dastgohho, asbobsozi, gidropress va gayra (Oren­burg), qismhoi ehtiyotii traktor va moshinhoi khojagii qishloq (zavodi mekhanikii ba nomi Kirovi Buauluk) va gayra dorad.

Sanoati neftu gazi viloyat az neftu gazi Nazdi Ural va Pasi Ural, Qazoqistoni Garbi, Boshqirdiston is­tifoda mebarad. Okhiri solhoi 60 dar naedikii Orenburg zakhirai boi gazi tabiy kashf karda shud. Dar asosi zakhirai neftu gaz dar vi­loyat sanoati khimiya (korkhonahoi neftu koksokhimiya, istehsoli kibrit, nurii azoti va gayra) taraqqi kar­daast.

Masnuoti rezini tekhniki (Orenburg), masolehi gunoguni binokori — qismhoi yaklukhti ohanu beton, sement, gaj, bur, asbest istehsol meshavad. Korkhonahoi sanoati khurokvori va sabuk (zavodu kombinathoi ordu yarma, gusht, konservi gushti, ravganu panir, duzandagiyu triko­taj, shohibofi, charmu poyafzol, namaki osh) rivoju ravnaq dorand. Dar khojagii qishloqi Orenburg gallakori va chorvodori bartari dorad. Viloyat 389 kolkhoz va 196 sovkhoz dosht.

Az ziroati galladona gandumi bahori, javdor, arzan va az ziroati tekhniki kartoshka va oftobparast kisht meshavad. Dar Janub tarbuz, kharbuza mekorand; bogdori ravnaq yof­taast. Parvarishi chorvoi gushtdeh, shiru gushtdeh, gusfandi pashmu gushtdeh sohai asosii chorvodorii Orenburg meboshad; inchunin khuk, buz va parrandai gunogun parvarish meyoband. Tuli umumii rohi ohan 1,6 hazor kilometr. Rohhoi asosi: Moskva—Kuybishev— Orenburg — Tashkent; Chelyabinsk — Karta l i—Orsk—Oktyabrey. Shabakai naqliyoti truboprovod (nefteprovodi Emba—Orsk, Ishimboy—-Orsk, yak qismi gazoprovodi Bukhoro—Ural va gayra) inkishof yoftaast.

Sokhtmoni madani. Soli taqsili 1978—79 dar 1740 maktabi malumoti umumi 315,5 hazor, dar 36 maktabi kasbhoi tekhniki 17,4 hazor dar 45 maktabi miyonai makhsus 46,6 hazor talaba, dar 5 maktabi oli (instituthoi politekhniki, tibbi, pedagogi, khojagii qishloqi Orenburg, Instituti pedagogii Orsk) 22,2 hazor student mekhond. Soli 1979 dar muassisakhoi tomaktabi 100,0 hazor ku­dak tarbiya meyoft.

Soli 1979 dar Orenburg 1140 kitobkhonai ommavi, 5 muzey, 1625 klub, 1932 dastgokhi kinonamoishdikhi, Qasri pio­neron, 40 khonan pioneron, 3 stansiyai tekh- nikhoi javon, 1 stansiyai tabiatshinosoni javon, 10 maktabi sportii bachagon bud. Gazetahoi viloyatii «Yujniy Ural» (az soli 1917) va «Komsomolskoe plemya» (1919) nashr meshavand. Barnoma va namoishhoi radio va Televizioni markazi muntazam shunavonida va namoish doda meshavand. Soli 1979 dar Orenburg 247 muassisai tabobatii doroi 26,7 hazor kat 6051 nafar dukhtur kor mekard. 9 sanatoriya, 8 khonai istirohati bud.