Viloyati Novosibirsk

Novosibirsk, viloyatest dar Hayati RSFSR. 28 sentyabri 1937 tashkil shudaast. Masohatash 178,2 hazor km². Aholiash 2618 hazor nafar (1.1.1979). Novosibirsk ba 30 rayon taqsim shuda, 14 shahri 17 ptsh dorad. Markazash shahri Novo­sibirsk. Novosibirsk bo 2 ordeni Lenin mukofotonida shudaast (1957, 1970).

Tabiat. Novosibirsk dar janubu sharqii hamvo­rii Sibiri Garbi, asosan bayni daryohoi Ob va Irtish joygir buda, qismi janubi  hamvorii Vasyugan va pastkhamii Barabiiro ishgol meku­nad. Ba Sharq to qatorkuhi Salair kashol meyobad. Relefash asosan hamvori teppador buda, balandiash to 150—200 m, tanho dar sharqi nazdi Salair teppaho to 300—350 m baland meshavand. Dar qismi markazi va janubi qatorteppaho bisyorand (balandiashon 6—10 i); dar pastihoi bayni qatorteppaho botloqu kulho voqeand. Janubtar az Novosibirsk koni angishtsang — havzai antrasiti Gorlovka va payoni Zavyalovi Kuzbass, dar Shimoli Baraba koni torf joygir ast. Dar Shimolu Garb viloyati konhoi neft va gazi tabii kushoda shudaand. Iqlimash kontinentii shadid. Harorati miyonai yanvari dar Janub —16° S, dar Shimol —20 °S; tobistonash kutohi garm, harorati miyo­nai iyul az 18° to 20° S. Borishoti solona 300—450 mm. Davri nashvi rastani dar shimol viloyat 144—148, dar Janub 158—163 shabonaruz. Daryohoi ka­loni serob va kishtigard — Ob va Irtish. Dar majroi Ob obanbori Novosibirsk sokhta shudaast. Kulhoi kalon: Chani, Sartlan, Ubinekoe, Uryum va gayra 28% territoriyai viloyat botloqzor. Khokash asosan khokistarrang, khokistarrangi beshagi va siyohkhok. Az ¹/₅ qismi territoriyai viloyatro besha pushondaast (laden, koj, qaragay, chalguza, tus, zarang, barglarzon va gayra). Olami hayvonotash gunogun: khirs, gavazni shisholi, shohgavazi, silovsin, khongul, sagobi, qunduzi obi, gurg, ruboh, khargush, qoqum, sanjob; az parravdaho tazarv, murgi chipor va gayra zindagi mekunand. Dar daryoyu kulhoyash mohi bisyor.

Aholi. Dar Novosibirsk rusho, ukrainho, belorusho, nemisho, qazoqho, totorho va gayra eindagi mekunand. Zichii miyonai aholi dar 1 km² 14,1 kas. Shahrhoi kalon: Novosibirsk, Barabinsk, Berdsk, Iskntim, Kuybishev, Tatarsk.

Khojagi. Sanoati viloyati puriqtidor va khojagii qishloqash sersohil ast. Mahsuloti umumii sanoat soli 1973 nazar ba 1940 1939 marotiba afzud. Dar viloyat korkhonahoi sanoati elektroenergetika, metallurgiyai siyokh va ranga, moshinsozi va korkardi metall, khimiya, jangal va chubgari, masolehi binoko­ri, sanoati sabuk, khurokvori va gayra mavjudand. Nefteprovodi Boshqirdiston — Omsk — Novosibirsk Irkutsk amal mekunad. Metallro Novosibirsk asosan az Kuzbass, Ural va Kazoqiston megirad. Aksariyati korkhonahoi sanoati vaznin dar Novosibirsk joygirand. Istehsoli sement (Iskitim), masnuoti safoli (Dorogino), chubu takhta niz taraqqi kardaast. Dar khojagii qishloq kishti galladona va parvarishi chorvoi gushtu shirdeh bartari dorad.

Az ziroati galladona istehsoli gandumi bahori, chuvorimakka, az ziroati tekhniki zagir va kartosh­ka ahamiyati kaloni khojagi dorad. Soli 1974 viloyat 292 sovkhoz va 169 kolkhoz (az on jumla 6 kolkhozi mohigiri); 635 hazor gov, 1637 hazor buzu gusfand, 460 hazor khuk, 104 hazor asp va 8876 hazor cap Mypg dosht. Tuli rohi ohan 1533 ki (1972). Rohhoi ohani asosi: uchastkai shohrohi Transsibir, Novosibirsk — Kuzbass, Novosibirsk Barnaul, Tatarsk — Karasuk — Kulunda, Karasuk — Kameni labi Ob. Soli tahsili 1914—1915 dar viloyat 547 maktabi malumoti umumi (35,4 hazor talaba), 1-to maktabi miyonai makhsus (79 talaba) bud. Soli tahsili 1973—1974 dar 2060 maktabi malumoti umumi 466,1 hazor talaba, dar 51 maktabi miyonai makhsus 52,6 hazor talaba, dar 80 omuzishgohi kasbhoi tekhniki 34.6 hazor khonanda, dar 14 maktabi oli, inchunin dar filiali Instituti tekhnologii sanoati sabuki Moskva va dar fakulteti shabonai Instituti huquqshinosii Sverdlovsk (hamaash dar Novosibirsk) 75,7 hazor student tahsil mekard. Soli 1973 dar 1138 muassisai to mantabi 93,9 hazor kudak tarbiya meyoft.

Soli 1974 dar viloyat 955 kitobkhonai ommavi, 4 muzey: muzei viloyatii kishvarshinosi (filiali Khona- muzei S. M. Kirov),  Nigoristoni viloyati Novosibirsk, Muzei V. V. Kushbishev dar shahri Kuybtshev (sobiq Kainsk, ki on jo solhoi 1907-1909 Kuybishev dar badarga bud); 6 teatr (hamaash dar Novosibirsk), 1404 klub, 1984 dastgohi kinonamoishdihi, 36 khonai pioneron, 5 stansiyai tekhnikho va tabiatshinosoni javon, 25 maktabi sportii bachagona va gayra bud. Gazetai viloyatii «Sovetskaya Si­bir» (az 1919), gazetai komsomolii «Mo­lodost Sibiri» (az 1920) nashr meshavad. Radio va televizion amal mekunand. Soli 1973 dar viloyat 276 muassisai tabobatii doroi 29,2 hazor kat bud. (11,6 kat ba 1000 nafar aholi); 7,4 hazor dukhtur ba aholi khizmat merasonad (1 dukhtur ba 341 nafar aholi). Viloyat kurortu sanatoriyaho dorad.