TRANSAKTINOIDHO

TRANSAKTINOIDHO, transaktinidho, glementhoi khimiyavii radioaktivi suniero guyand, ki dar sistemai davrii Mendeleev badi Lourensiy (Lr, elamenti okhirini guruhi aktinoidho) joy giriftaand. To avvali 1982 chor elemedti mansubi Transaktinoidho— kurchatoviy, elementn 105, elementi 106 va elementi 107 sintez shudand. Ba kashf va sintezi Transaktinoidhoi nav olimoni shahrhoi Stokgolm (Shvesiya), Berkli (ShMA), Dubna (SSSR), Jeneva (Shveysariya) va Darmshtadt (RFG) mashguland.

Elementi 105-ro soli 1970 dar Instituti muttahidai tadqiqoti yadrovi (Dubna) hosil kardand. Izotophoi 260105 (T1/2 = 1,6 ± 0,3 son) va 261105 (T1/2 = 1,8 ± 0,6 son)-i in element hangomi reaksiyai yadroii siltezi amerisiy va neon ba qayd girifta shudaand. Du moh badtar dar Laboratoriyai radiasionii ba nomi E. Lourens (Berkli) izotopi 262105 (T1/2 = 40 son) sintez karda shud. Darajai oksidshavki oliash +5. Olimoni Dubna elementi 105-ro ba sharafi fizik Nils Bor nilsboriy (Nilsbohrium, Ns) nomidand.
Elementi 106-ro olimonl Dubna soli 1974 sintez kardand. Izotopi 259106 (T1/2 = 0,007 son)-i on hangomi bo ionhoi vaznini khrom bombaboron kardani surb hosil karda shudaast. Ohiri hamon sol (1974) dar Berkli izotopi nisbatan ustuvori elemonti 106 — 253106 (T1/2= 0,9 ± 0,2 son) ba dast ovarda shud.
Elementi 107-ro niz olimoni Dubna hosil namudaand (1976). Izotopi 261407 (T1/2 = 0,002-0,003 son)-i element dar reaksiyai yadroii sintezl vismut va khrom yoft shudaast.
R. Bobokhojaev.