TIP

TIP (az yunoni typos— naqsh, shakl, namuna), 1) shakl, namudi chize, ki sifathoi namoyon dorad; 2) namuna, qolabi chize; 3) vohidi chenkunii obekti voqei dar tipologiya; 4) kategoriya yo vohidi tasnifot dar omuzishi sathi zamin va digar ilmhoi doir ba tabiat (Tipi khok, Tipi iqlim va gayra); 5) insoni doroi sifathoi khos, namoyandai barjastai sinfho, millatho va zamonho; 6) dar adabiyot va sanat kharakteri tipi, obrazi badei, ki az jambasti khulqu atvor, kirdor va khislathoi namoyoni botiniyu zohirii guruhi odamon, sinfho va khalqho ba vujud omadaast. Tip ham khususiyati jambasti va ham fardi dorad, zero dar on khislathoi sinfi, ijtimoi va psikhologii guruhi odamon jambast meshavad. Tip barobari mohiyati amiqi ijtimoiyu badei doshtanash konkretii tarikhi niz meboshad. Tipi qahramononi asotirii Odissey, Prometey, Edip az Tipi Rustam, Suhrob, Layli, Majnun va Tipi asarhoi Balzak, Tolstoy, Dostoevskiy, Dnkkens az Tipi osori Rable, Servantes, Gyote az ham farq mekunand. Tipi badei ba kategoriyai tipiyat aloqamand ast. Garaznoki va prinsiphoi sinfiyat, partiyaviyat, khalqiyat va ideyanoki mohiyati tipiyatro ravshan mesozand. Tipiyat ruydodhoi guzashtavu hoziraro barjasta namoyon mekunad. Masalan, YOdgoru Gulnor Tipi va kiloni hayoti oyandadori sosialisti va Qory-Ishkamba Tipi namoyandai sinfhoi ba marg mahkum meboshad. Tipiyati sanat hamchun yagonagii haqiqati kharakterhoi tipi dar vaziyati tipi, haqqoniyati voqeiyat dar jarayoni inikosi hodisahoi jamiyati, tabiat va hayoti insoni dar jinsu navhoi gunoguni adabi ravshan ba nazar merasad. On ba nizohoi ruzgor aloqamand ast. Khususiyathoi konkretii tarikhi va sinfii ijtimoi dorad. Tipiyat bo talaboti jarayon va metodhoi gunoguni adabiyu badei, bo qonunhoi har yak jinsu navi adabi, bo khususiyathoi uslubiyu tasviri muvofiqan tashakkul va inkishof meyobad. Tipikunoni ham jambasti badei va ham fardikunonii obrazhost. On khislathoi namoyontarini namoyandagoni sinfho, tabaqaho, guruhho, amaliyot, namudi zohirii Tipi badeiro jambast menamoyand. Dar tipikunoni takhayyuli badei roli kalon mebozad. Adabiyot va sanati realizmi sosialisti Tipihoi barjasta ba vujud ovardaast.
Adabiyot: Khudoydodov V., Tip va tipikuioni dar ejodi badei, D., 1976; Revyakin A. I. Proolema tipicheskogo v khudojestvennoe literature, Moskva, 1969. S. Tabarov.