TEKhNIKAI BALANDShIDDAT

TEKhNIKAI BALANDShIDDAT, yak qismi elektrotekhnikaro guyand, ki hodisahoi elektrii balandshiddat (250 V va besh az on)-ro dar muhithoi gunogun tadqiqu tatbiq mekunad. Iqtidori stansiyahoi elektri toraft meafzoyad. Baroi ba istemolkunandagon betalaf rasonidani energiya boshad, shiddati khathoi intiqoli elektrro baland kardan lozim meoyad. Masalan, agar energiyai GES- hoi Sarband (210 MVt) va Qayroqqum (126 MVt) ba istemolkuvandagon tavassuti khathoi elektrii 220 kV rasonida shavad, pas baroi anergiyai GES-i Norakro (2700 MVt) ba istemolkunandagon rasonidan shiddati khati elektr boyad ba 500 kV rasad. Holo sokhtmoni khathoi intiqoli elektrii 1150 va 1500 kV peshbyani shudaast.

Yake az vazifahoi asosii Tekhnikai balandshiddat sokhtani izolyasiyai boetimodu balandshiddat va arzon ast. Konstruksiyai izolyasioni mustahkamii elektrii darozmuddat va kutohmuddat doshta metavonad. Mustahkamii elektrii kutohmuddati izolyasiya qobiliyati ba shiddati yakborai az had ziyod tob ovarda tavonistani onro ifoda mekunad. Hangomi ba zanjiri elektri payvastan yo az on judo kardani elementi alohidai sistema (masalan, dar lahzai dargirondan yo khomush kardani charogi elektri), hangomi ittisoli kutoh va gayra va yo hangomi radu barq dar khathoi intiqoli elektr shiddat yakbora meafzoyad. Baroi on ki shiddat az khud afzuda, ba kori mutadili sistemai elektri zarar narasonad, qobiliyati dielektrii materialhoi izolyasioni boyad baland boshad. Dar sistemahoi elektrii hozira mamultarin dielektrik havoi muqarrarist, ki simhoi noqilro ihota mekunad. Izolyasiyai dokhilii moshinhoi elektri va apparathoro aksar va omekhtai materialhoi izolyasiony (masalan, az omekhtai ravgani minerali va kogaz, kartoni elektri va gayra) tayyor mekunand. Digar masalahoi muhimi Tekhnikai balandshiddat tadqiqi razryadi tojshakl meboshad, ki dar khathoi havoii intnqoli elektri ba amal meoyad. Razryadi tojshakl boshad boisi talaf yoftani epergiya va afkanishi balandbasomade megardad, ki ba radioaloqa khalal merasonad. Intensiviyati razryadi tojshakl ba buzurgii shiddatnokii sathi noqil vobasta ast; noqili diametrash kalonro istifoda burda talafi energiyaro kam va radioaloqaro behtar kardan mumkin ast. Bo in maqsad dar khathoi intiqoli elektr odatan ba joi simi yaklukht yakchand simi alohidaro istifoda mebarand, masalan, dar khathoi balandshiddat az (380 to 750 kV) noqili doroi 2, 3 va 4 simi alohidaro istifoda mekunand, ki fosilaashon andaryak 50 sm meboshad. Qismi asosii Tekhnikai balandshiddat dastgohhoi balandshiddat meboshad, ki baroi ozmoishi materialhoi izolyasioni tain shudaand. Transformatorhoi ozmoishii payvastashon pay dar pay ba sifati manbai shiddati tagyiryobandai basomadash 50 Gs-a istifoda meshavand. In guna transformatorhoro baroi shiddathoi to 3000 kV mesozand. Shiddati doimii baland (to 6000 kV)-ro bo generatorhoi elektrostatiki yo khud rostkunakhoi payvastashon pay dar pay hosil mekunand.
A. Madusmonov.