TEATRI KhALQI

TEATRI KhALQI 1) yak nav teatri ommavist, ki dar bayni khalq mamul buda, shaklhoyash bo ejodiyoti dahanakii khalq aloqai uzvi dorad. Unsurhoi amaliyoti dramavi, dar raqsu bozi, surud va rasmu oinhoi qadim baroi paydoish va inkishofi namudhoi gunoguni teatri khalqi zamina guzoshtaand. Masalan, dar Yunoni Qadim dar asrhoi 6—5 to melod az idhoi marosimii ziroatkrri (idi dehqonon ba sharafi khudo Dionis) janrhoi fojia va mazhaka ba vujud omadand. Bo mururi zamon az bayni ijrokunandagoni namoishhoi gunoguni teatri khalqi sanatkorone paydo shudand, ki onhoro dar Yunoni Qadim mim, dar Rossiya skomorokh, dar Evropai Garbi jonglyor, shpilman, dar Osiyoi Miyona shubadaboz, maskharaboz va gayra menomidand. Har yak aktyor yakchand rolro ijro mekard, qiyofaashro ba vositai grimi oddi (siyohii deg, ord, pashmi buz va gayra) tagyir medod. Tamosho dar khonahon vase, saroyho va beshtar dar havoi kushod meguzasht. Azbaski namoish dar bayni izdihom, dar sharoiti purmagal jarayon megirift, aktyoron hangomi hunarnamoi ba imovu ishora va harakot beshtar ahamiyat mododand, baland gap mezadand, kushish mekardand, ki kharakteri ofaridaistodaashonro tavassuti muboliga harchi bovaribakhsh ifoda namoyand. Onho dar rafti namoish tamoshobinonro ba mukolama mekashidand. Aktyorhoi khalqi, ki aksar khatu savod nadoshtand, matni roli khudro az ijrokunandagoni botajriba yod megiriftand. Binobar in hunarpesha asosan ssenariyai asarro dar khotir nigoh doshta matni onro hangomi bozi badehatan meguft. Aktyorhoi khalqi dar baromadashop paltamima, akrobatika, raqs, surud, sanati sirk (chashmbandi, taqlidi ovozi hayvonu parrandaho), zocharo istifoda meburdaad. Bo mururi zamon aktyoroni khalqi ba du sohai alohida hunarvaroni sirk va zochabozi (teatri lukhtak) judo shudand. Dar mamlakathoi Sharq namoishhoi khalqii raqsu pantomila va musiqidor az qadim mamuland. Dar zaminai onho teatri ananavii khalqhoi Osiyo tashakkul yoftaast (dar Indoneziya-vayang-topeng, dar Seylon-kalam, dar Hinduston-katkhakali va gayra). Ejodiyoti aktyorhoi khalqi bo zistu maishat va orzuvu omoli mardumi mehnatkash zich aloqamand bud. Artiston dar baromadhoi khud norozigii khalq va muborizai onro bar ziddi feodalizm, din, hama guna jaholat va hodisahoi nangini zindagi ifoda mekardand. Dar ayni zamon teatri khalqi az tasiri mafkurai tabaqai hukmron dur namondaast. Hokimon sanatkoroni khalqiro ba darbori khud jalb karda, hunari onhoro hamchun vositai dilkhushi istifoda meburdand. Dar baze mamlakatho digar ham ba teatri khalqi tasir rasondaast. Ammo aktyorhoi khalqi aksar dar namoishhoi dini (chunonchi, misteriya, fars, karnaval) elamenthoi realistiro jori mekardand. Ananahoi teatri khalqi dar ejodiyoti dramaturghoi buzurgi jahon va aktyorhoi mumtoz inkishof yofta, baroi paydoishi teatri kasbi roh kushodaast. Tamoshohoi ba namoishhoi teatri monandi maskharabozon yake az zuhuroti sanati teatri peshazinqilobin tojikon meboshad. Teatri khalqii tojik namudhoi gunogun dosht: teatri pantomima, teatri zochabozi, teatri maskharabozon va gayra.
2) Dar SSSR behtarin kollektivhoi teatri havaskoronro «teatri khalqi» menomand. In unvon ba dastahoi havaskoroni purtajribai doroi hayati ejodii ustuvor, ki baroi dar sahna ofaridani spektakl sharoitu imkoniyat (khonai madaniyat, klub) dorand va az uhdai tartib dodani repertuar mebaroyand, doda meshavad. Dar SSSR nakhustin teatrhoi khalqi soli 1959 tasis yoftaand.
Dar Tojikiston teatrhoi khalqi az soli 1960 in jonib inkishof meyoband. Dar Orjonikidzeobod, Hisor, Rushon, uroteppa, Gonchi, Isfara,rayoni Moskva va gayra teatrhoi khalqi amal mokunand. Holo dar Tojikiston 10 teatri khalqi mavjud ast.
Adabiyot: Avdeev A. Proiskhojdenie teatri, L., 1959; Nurdjanov N., Tadjikskiy narodnii teatr, Moskva, 1956; Narodnie toatri, Moskva, 1962. Y. Nurjonov.
TEATRI YaK AKTYOR, yak navi sanati teatrist, ki voqeiyat va obrazho dar zaminai hunarnamoii yak aktyor ifoda megardad. Dar Teatri yak aktiyor nutqi sahnavi vositai muhimi obrazofari buda (dar shakli monolog, dialog, monologi botini va gayra), baroi zikri afkori qahramon, kushodai kharakter va psikhologiyai on roli kalon mebozad. Aktyor barobarn nutqi sahnavi az vositahoi ifodan plastiki, mimika, imoyu ishora, kostyum, grim, niqob va gayra niz istifoda mebarad. Harchand asari Teatri yak aktiyor bo hamdastii rejissyor, rassomi oroishgar, ohangsoz va digar khodimoni teatr ofarida shavad ham, dar on simop markazi va tajassumkunandai obraz va mazmunu mundarnjai pesa yak akter ba shumor meravad. Dar sahnai tojik Artisti Khalqii Tojikistov M. Vohidov asosguzori Teatri yak aktiyor meboshad. Vohidov murattib, rejissyor va ijrokunandai yakchand namoishho, misli «Guftugu bo khud» (dar asosi ruboiyoti Umari Khayyom, 1967), «Vatan va farzandon» (1968), «Ishqi zindagi» (dar asosi gazaliyoti Hofiz, 1971) meboshad.
Nigared niz Teatr.