TAMINOTI IJTIMOI

TAMINOTI IJTIMOI, dar SSSR sistemai chorabinihoi ijtimoiyu iqtisodiest, ki davlat baroi tamini moddii grajdanho hangomi piri va gum kardani qobiliyati kori, hamatarafa tamin namudani modaronu farzandon, khizmatrasonii tibbi va tabobat muqarrar namudaast. Nafaqa va yordampuli shaklhoi muhimtarini taminoti ijtimoi meboshad, Dar taminoti ijtimoii pironsolon va invalidho khizmati ijtimoi mavqei muhim dorad. Shumorai ziyodi khona-internatho, az jumla khonanternathoi bachagona invalid dar taminoti purrai davlati buda, bepul yo bo yak qator imkoniyatho ba istifodabari dodani vositahoi naqliyot ba invalidoni Jangi Buzurgi Vatani va baze kategoriyahoi digari nafaqakhuron ba naqliyoti dokhilishahri, havoi, rohi ohan va obi, inchunin baroi manzil, khizmati maishi, andoz va gayra dodani itiyozho shaklhoi asosii khizmati ijtimoiand. Organhoi taminoti ijtimoi dar ikhtiyori khud tekhnikumu internatho, maktabhoi kasbhoi tekhniki-internatho dorand, ki invalidon dar onho kasb omukhta, badi khatmi onho dar istehsolot kor mekunand.

Taminoti ijtimoi inchunin yorii bepuli tibbi, nigohubini bepul dar kasalkhonaho, tabobati sanatoriyu kurorti, shaklhoi davlatiyu jamiyatii nigohubini kudakon dar yasliho bogchayu khonahoi bachagon, lagerhoi pioneri, sanatoriyahoi kudakon va gayro dar bar megirad.
Dar mamlakathoi kapitalisti taminoti ijtimoi dar natijai muborizai shadidi sinfi korgar jori shudaast. Dar mamlakathoi mazkur mamulan se sistemai taminoti ijtimoii davlati vujud dorad: 1) sugurtai ijtimoi, ki sistemai az hama intishoryofta buda, az maoshi korgaroni kiroya ba tavri hatmi haqqi azogii sugurtavi girifta meshavad va ba onho novobasta ba ahvoli moddiashon nafaqa yo yordampuli doda meshavad. 2) Brdam- pulii davlati az bujeti davlat faqat ba onhoe purra doda meshaval, ki badi muqarrar kardani daromadi hamai azoyoni oila, rasman shakhsoni vasilahoi ijtimoi nadoshta shinokhta meshavand. Taini in namudi yordampuliro organhoi mamuri ba amal mebarorand. 3) Sistemai «universali» dar sohai taminoti nafaqa beshtar dar Shvesiya, Finlyandiya, Norvegiya, Kanada joy dorad. Muvofiqi on hamai grajdanhoe, ki ba sinnu soli nafaqa rasidaand, mayub shudaand yo beparastor mondaand, ba giriftani nafaqa huquq dorand. Hajmi nafaqa baroi hama yakkhela buda, mablagi nochizro tashkil medihad. Nafaqapuli az hamai grajdanho (az 18-solagi to ba sinni nafaqa rasidan), bo rohi andozi makhsus jam ovarda moshavad. Hamai sistemakhoi taminoti ijtimoii burjuazi az taminoti ijtimoii dar SSSR mavjudbuda ba kulli farq mekunand. Zero dar yagon mamlakati kapitalisti rohbarii taminoti ijtimoi dar ikhtiyori mehnatkashon nest va sinu soli ba nafaqa baromadan nisbat ba SSSR 5—10 sol ziyod ast.
Adabiyot: Andreev V. S. Pravo sosialnogo obespecheniya v SSSR, Moskva, 1974.