TAShBEH

TAShBEH (arabi — monand kardan, monandi), yake az sanathoi badei, monand yo muqoisa kardani chizho va holatho dar asari badei. Tarkibi tashbeh, az se juzi asosi iborat ast; mushabbah (monanda, tashbehshavanda); 2) adoti tashbeh (yoridihandai tashbeh); 3) mushabbahunbihi (monand,- tashbehkunanda). Masalan, dar in bayti Rudaki «may» —Monanda, «ravon yoquti nob» va «barkashida teg peshi oftob» monand, «chun» adoti tashbeh ast:
Biyor on may, ki pindori ravon yoquti nobasti,
Va yo chun barkashida teg peshi oftobasti.
Kalimahoi chun, hamchun monandi, chunonki, guyo va pasoyadahoi -oso -oson -vash vor va gayra yoridihandai tashbeh mebotad. Tashbeh haft nav dorad: 1) Tashbehi sareh: monandi bo yorii iborahoi «hamchunon ast», «bad-on memonad» va gayra takid meshavad; 2) Tashbehi kinoyat: adoti tashbeh nadorad va guyanda az monanda kinoyatan ba monand ishorat mekunad;

3) Tashbehi mashrut: monandii chizero ba chizi digar ba shart farz kardan;
4) Tashbehi chappa (makus) muqoisai chizhoi ba ham zid ast, ki sifati yake ba digare doda meshavad; 5) Tashbehi muzmar: chize ba chize tashbeh meshavad, ammo zohiran chunin menamoyad, ki maqsad tashbeh ne, balki chizi digar ast, hol on ni hamon tashbeh dar nazar ast; 6) Tashbehi tasviyat: dar muqoisa baze az avsofro bo chize barobar va musovi kardan; 7) Tashbehi tafzil: monandaro badi tashbeh az monand bartar donistan.
Adabiyotshinosoni guzashta behtarin tashbeh onro guftaand, ki mushabbah va mushabbahunbihiro ba yakdigar monand kardan mumkin boshad (masalan, tashbehi shab ba zulf yo zulf ba shab). Noqistarin tashbeh khayolist va onro berun az misol tasavvur nametavon kard (tashbehi tanurai otash ba daryoi pur az mushk va yo durakhshidani otashro miyoni angishti siyoh ba mavji zari moe tashbeh kardan va gayra). Tashbeh yake az mamultarin sanathoi badei dar adabiyoti guzashta va imruzai tojik ba shumor meravad. Yake az muhimtarin vazifahoi adabiyu estetikii tashbeh taklili asosi romantikii tasviri badeist. Kh. Sharifov.