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TARKIBI LUGAVII ZABON

TARKIBI LUGAVII ZABON, majmui kalimaho (leksika)-i yagon zabon az jumla neologizmho — kalimahoi nav, leksikai shevagi, jargonizmho, istilohot va gayraro guyand. Miqdori leksikai tarkibi lugavii zabon ba khususiyatu darajai inkishofi hayoti iqtisodi, ijtimoi va madanii sohiboni zabon vobasta ast. Tarkibi lugavii zabon sistemai mutashakkile (nigared Sistemai zabon) buda, dar on kalimaho az jihathoi gunoguni farogirandagi ba yakdigar marbutand (sinonimho, omonimho, antonimho va gayra).

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Kalimahoi Tarkibi lugavii zabon az jihati darajai istifodavu istemol ba du guruh — kalimahoi faol va gayrifaol judo meshavand. Lugati faol kalimahoeand, ki ba hamai istemolkunandagon fahmoand va dar guftugui mardum hamesha ozodona istifoda meshavand. Kalimahoi kuhnashudai tarikhi, arkhaizmho, kalimahoi navi istemolashon umumi nagardida, istilohoti ilmi va kalimahoi mansubi yagon pesha va hunar, ki dar doirai mahdudi odamon istifoda meshavand, ba guruhi lugathoi nofaol dokhiland. Hududi lugatkhoi faol va lugatkhoi nofaol nisbist. Dar inkishofi tarikhii zabon guzarish az guruhi faol ba nofaol va baraks hodisai muqarrarist. Ba in guna tagyirot az hama kamtar kalimahoe duchor megardand, ki az tarafi hamai sohiboni zabon barobar istemol meshavand va in guna kalimaho fondi lugavii asosii zabonro tashkil medihand.
Tarkibi lugavii zabon dar jarayoni peshrafti hayoti ijtimoi az hisobi qonuniyathoi Dokhilii zabon, makhsusan kalimasozi va kalimahoi iqtibosii zabonhoi digar boy meshavad va takmil meyobad. Dar davrahoi gunoguni inkshiofi tarikhii zaboni tojiki ba tarkibm lugavim on kalimahoi ziyodi khoriji — yunoni, arabi, turki va gayra dokhil shudaand. Dar asri 19 va avvali asri 20, makhsusan, pas az galabai Revolyutsiyai Kabiri Sosialistii Oktyabr ba Tarkibi lugavii zaboni tojiki kalimahon rusi va rusi-internasionali roh yoftand.
Holo in guna kalimaho dar qabathoi gunoguni tarkibi lugavii zaboni tojiki, khususan dar leksikai ilmiyu tekhniki, jamiyatiyu siyosi, moddiyu maishi dida meshavand. Tarkibi lugavii zabon dar lugat va farhanghoi tafsirii zabon inikos meyobad. H. Raufov.

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