TAMOKU

TAMOKU, tanboku (Nicotiana), jinsi giyohhoi yaksola va buttaest az oilai avranjiho. Bargash bedandona, gulash gunogunrang, guzaash sertukhm. Dar dunyo besh az 60 namudi tamoku meruyad. Dar SSSR 2 namudi onro meparvarand. Dar bisyor kishvarhoi dunyo chun giyohi nashamandi kisht mekunand. Bazan az tamokui khudruy niz chilim tayyor mekunand. Baze navhoi tamokuro, ki gulhoi bazebi qifshaklu khushbuy dorand, dar gulzoru chorbogho meparvarand.

Tamokui chilimi (N. tbacum) giyohi bisyorsola buda, ziroatash yaksola ast. Poyaash rost, to 3 m qad mekashad. Bargash dumchador yo bedumchai girda yo darozruya (to 52 sm), sabz (bazan zard yo sabzizardchatob), gulash naychashakli gulobi, surkh yo safed (daroziash to 4 sm), guzaash (daroziash 1,5—2 sm) sertush, tukhmash maydai jigarii burtob (vazni 1000— toash 60—80 mg).
Davrai nashvash 135—170 shaboruz. Tamokui chilimi ziroati garmiparvard (tukhmash dar harorati 27—28°S nesh mezanad va hangomi harorati 24—28°S nashunamo meyobad), namitalab ast. Dar siyohkhok, khoki dorchini va khokistarrash nagz mesabzad va ba moddahom gizoi sertalab meboshad.
Az bargi tamoku masnuoti gunogun (sigor, nos — az navi makhsusi nosii tamoku va gayra) istehsol mekunand. Sifati mahsuloti tamoku ba tanosubi safedavu angishtobho, mikdori nikotin va ravgani efir vobasta ast. Bargi tamoku
1—4% alkaloidi zahrnoki nikotin, 5—17% kislotahoi organiki dorad. Nikotinro bar ziddi hasharoti zararrason istifoda mebarand. Az on vitamini RR niz hosil mekunand. Tukhmi tamoku 30—35% ravgan dorad, ki onro baroi sobunpazi istifoda mekunand.
Ad.: Spravochnnk tabakovoda. Moskva, 1975.
A. Madaminov.