TAKhORIYON

TAKhORIYON (dar manbahoi yunoni, arabi— tokhar, hindi — tukkhara, khitoi — tukhulo, tibeti — tkhogar), 1) yake az khalqhoi hinduevropoi, ki dar ahdi qadim dar Turkistoni Sharqi mezist. Takhoriyon dar Osiyoi Miyona solhoi 140—129 to melod paydo shuda, yakjoya bo baze qabilahoi eronii sharqi soli 130 to melod Podshohii Yunonii Bokhtarro torumor kardand. Soli 128 to melod ba Port hujum ovardaand, vale shikast khurdand. Asrhoi 2—1 to melod takhoriyon dar Bokhtar dar 5 mulk zindagi mekardand. Taqriban okhirhoi asri 1 to melod— asri 1 melodi takhoriyon dar zeri hokimiyati peshvoyoni yake az mulkho — Kushon muttahid gashta, davlati Kushoniyonro tashkil dodand. Az hamon vaqt takhoriyonro bisyor vaqt Kushoniyon menomidand. Nomi baze hokimoni in podshohi masalan, Kadfizi I va Kadfizi II, Kanishka malum ast. Takhoriyon ba zaboni guruhi eroni (eronii sharqi) harf mezadand. Alifboi onho dar asosi khati yunoni bud. Zaboni takhoriyon to okhiri hazorai I vujud dosht. Bino ba aqidai yak guruh olimon takhoriyon khalqhoi tahjoii Osiyoi Miyona buda, az shimolu sharqii Osiyoi Miyona ba Bokhtar raftaand. Vale aksariyati muhaqqiqon bo yujiho ayniyat doshtani takhoriyonro takid menamoyand; onhoro gunaho az Turkistoii Sharqy ba Osiyoi Miyona (taqriban 165—140 to m.) tang karda barovardaand. Yaujihoi ba Osiyoi Miyona omada yujihoi buzurg va yujihoi dar Turkistoni Sharqi maskunshuda «yujihoi khurd» nom doshtand. Bazan takhmin meravad, ki yujiho ajdodi takhoriyon budand va dar Osiyoi Miyona zaboni eroniro az khud namudaand. Bino ba farziyai digar takhoriyon — yujiho yak shokhai khalqiyati eroninajod — massagetho budaand. Gayr az in bo massagetho ayniyat doshtani ajdodoni takhorihoro niz takhmin mekunand, ki onho inchunin yak khalqi alohida (bo khalqhoi dar bolo nomburda aloqae nadorand) buda metavonand.

2) Nomi shartii ajdodi takhoriho, ki bo zabonhoi makhsusi hinduevropoi gap mezadand. Az mavjudiyati in khalq osori khattii budoi (asrhoi 6— 7 melodi), ki okhiri asri 19—avvali asri 20 dar Turkistoni Sharqi yoft shudaast, shahodat medihad Ajdodi takhoriyon dastavval dar Evropai Sharqi, zohiran, dar nohiyai nazdi bahri Siyoh (hazorai 3—2 to melod) zindagi mekardaand. To miyonahoi hazorai 1 to melod onho allakay maskuni Osiyoi Markazi budand.