TABAQA

TABAQA (arabi — guruh, yakqismi mardum), yak guruhi ijtimoii odamon ast, ki az jihati mavqehoi iqtisodi va huquqii khud farq mekunand. Asosan khosi sokhti gulomdori va feodalist. Tafovuthoi tabaqavi, ki khud yake az shaklhoi farqiyathoi sinfi meboshand, boisi ba sinfho taqsim shudann jamiyat megardand (nigared Lenin V. I. Asarho, jildi 2, sahifai 498). Ananayu odathoi tabaqa merosiand. Dar jamiyathoi gulomdori va feodali (Yunon va Rim) hokimiyati davlati farqiyathoi sinfii aholi, maqom, huquq va uhdadorihoi har kadom tabaqaro ba hukmi qonun darovarda bud.

Ba tabaqaho taqsim shudani aholi natijai taqsimoti sinfi boshad ham, onho komilan yak nabudand. Masalan, dar Rimi Qadim, bo vujudi ba patrisiy va plebeyho taqsim shudanitabaqaho, aa rui doroi boz ba chandin toifaho judo meshudand. Dar Evropai feodali ruhoniyon va dvoryanho tabaqai boloi hisob shuda, onho nisbat ba tabaqai past (savdogaron, hunarmandon, dehqonon) imtiyozhoi kalon doshtand.
Dar Osiyoi Miyonai feodalitabaqaho az khojayu saidho, savdogaru hunarmandon iborat budand. Dar baze mamlakathoi Sharq tabaqaho az rui kasb va farqiyati etniki dar shakli kasta vujud doshtand. Paydoish va inkishofi munosibathoi kapilalisti boisi tanazzuli tabaqaho gardid.