Shahri RIO-DE-JANEYRO

RIO-DE-JANEYRO, shahrest dar Braziliya,- markazi mamurii shtati Rio-de-Janeyro. Dar sohili khalijaki Guyanabarai uqyonusi Atlantik voqe ast. Iqlimash tropiki, harorati miyonai yanvari 26°Selsiya, iyul 21°Selsiya, borishoti solona 1100 millimetr. Aholiash yakjoya bo atrofi shahr 9153,5 hazor nafar (1980).

Rio-de-Janeyro muhimtarin markazi tijoratu moliya, sanoat va madaniyati mamlakat ast. Uzeli kaloni naqliyot. Yake az bandarhoi kalontarini Amerikai Janubist. Ba vositai bandar qahva, qand, charm, chubi qimatbaho, pakhta, meva, madan va az khorija angisht, neft, sement, moshinhoi gunogun, gandum va gayra kashonda meshavad. 2 aeroporti baynalkhalqi dorad. Rio-de-Janeyro 1/10 hissai mahsuloti sanoatii Braziliyaro medihad. Makhsusan sanoati moshin- sozi (az jumla kishtisozi), metallurgi, korkardi metall, khimiya, kor- kardi neft, bofandagi, charmu poyafzol, chubgari, khurokvori rivoj yoftaast. Fabrikahoi sayqaldihii almos mavjudand. Az soli 1970 metropoliten kor mekunad. Dar shahr bankhon kaloltarin, pravlaniyai jamiyathoi aksioneri, idorai shirkathoi tijoratiyu sanoati joy giriftaand.
Rio-de-Janeyro 6 universiteti markazi tadqiqoti geografi (1951), Akademiyai adabiyoti Braziliya, Komigteti milli oid ba energiyai atom, observatoriya, kitobkhonahoi kalon, 25 instituti tadqiqoti ilmi, ziyoda az 20 jamiyati ilmi, bogi botaniki, muzeyho (az jumla Muzei geografii Braziliya, Muzei millii sanoei nafisa va gayra), teatrho, konservatoriya (1942) dorad. Dar markazi shahr yodgorihoi memorii asrhoi 16-19 boqi mondaand. Rio-de-Janeyro markazi kaloni turizm meboshad.

Mohi yanvari 1502 bahrnavardoni portugali khalijaki Guanabararo rezishgohi daryoi kalone pindoshta, ba on Shode 1ape1go — «daryoi yanvar» nom nihodand. Avvalhoi soli 1531 portugaliho dar sohilhoi khalijak istehkomi Rio-de-Janeyroro sokhtand. Soli 1567 shahr-qala ba sharafi shohi Portugaliya Sebastyani I San-Sebastyan-du-Riu-di-Janeyru nomida shud. Az soli 1763 Rio-de-Janeyro poytakhti noibshohii Braziliya bud. Pas az sohibikhtiyorii Braziliya (1822) Rio-de-Janeyro poytakhti imperiyai Braziliya va solhoi 1889—1960 poytakhti respublikai Braziliya gardid.