Shahri Odessa

Odessa, shahri qahramon, markazi viloyati Odessai RSSU. Yake az mar- kazhoi kaloni sanoati, madani, ilmi va kurortii Ittifoqi Soveti. Bandar dar sohili shimoli garbii bahri Siyoh, uzeli rohhoi shosse va rohi ohan .Aholiash 1046 hazor nafar (1979).

Odessa dar solhoi sokhtmoni sotsialis­ti ba markazi kaloni sanoatii It- tifoqi Soveti mubaddal shud. Muhimtariya sohahoi sanoatash: moshinsozi (zavodhoi «Avtogenmash», «Odeskabel», dastgohsozi, moshinhoi khojagii qishloq,  qismhoi traktor, kranhoi vaznin, apparathoi kino, tamiri kishti va gayra), khimiya (zavodhoi korkardi neft, preparathoi khimiyavii farmasevti va angezishi biogeni, su­perfosfat, istehsoli plastmassa va gayra). Istehsoli materialhoi sintezi bosurat rivoj meyobad. Korkhonahoi sanoati khurokvori (qand, ord, gush- tu shir, konserv, qannodi, vino va gayra), sabuk (fabrikahoi jut, muina, mohut, poyafzol, charm, duzandagi), chubgari va masolehi binokori mavjudand.

Odessa bandari kaloni bahrist. Rohhoi havoi onro bo tamomi shahrhoi kaloni SSCP payvastaand. Odessa bazai flotiliyai kitsaydkunii Antarkti­ka meboshad.

Dar shahr 15 maktabi oli (az jumla universitet, instituthoi tibbi, politekhniki, instituti injeneroni floti bahri, instituti elektrotekhnikii aloqa, kon­servatoriya), 25 maktabi miyonai makhsus (tekhnikumhoi sanoati gazu neft, avtomekhaniki, dastgohsozi va gayra), 6 teatr, sirk, filarmoniya, ki­nostudiya, 5 muzey, inchunin 4 instituti tadqiqoti ilmii tibbi mavjudand.

Dar Odessa va atrofi on, inchunin garbtar az daryoi Dnestr, dar qad-qadi bahri Siyoh yak qator kurortkhoi tabobati (Ar­kadiy, Lermontov, Kholodnaya Balka, Bolshoy Fontan, Zatoka va gayra) joy giriftaand, ki onho ahamiyati umumiittifoqi dorand.

Soli 1794 daq joi boshishgohn totorho— Hojibey sokhtmoni langargohi kishtihoi bahri ogoz yoft, ki on jo soli 1795 Odessa nomida shud. Dar Odessa bisyor voqeahoi tarikhi va harakathoi revolyutsioni ba vuqu omadaand. Soli 1875 «Ittifoqi korgaroni Janubi Rossiya», 1900 komiteti RSDRP tashkil yoft. Korgaroni Odessa soli 1903 dar korpartoii umumii Janubii Rossiya ishtirok kardand.

Soli 1905 dar kishtii «Potyomkin» shurish ba amal omad. Hokimiyati Soveti dar Odessa 17 (30) yanvari 1918 barpo gardid. Shahr az 16 oktyabr 1941 to 9 apreli 1944 dar zeri dasti istilogaroni fashistii nemis va ruminho buda, zarari kalon did. 10 aprel 1944 ozod karda shud. 22 dekabr 1942 medali «Baroi mudofiai Odes­sa» tasis yoft. Odessa «Shahri qahramon», 8 may 1965 bo ordeni Lenin va medali «Sitorai Tillo» mukofotonida shud. Dar solhoi panjsolai badijangi (1946—1950) shahr purra barqaror gardid, dar solhoi minbada boshad, ba yake az shahrhoi obodu zeboi mamlakat tabdil yoft.