Shahri London

ShAHRI LONDON (London) – Londoni Kalon (Groater London), poytakhti Britaniyai Kabir, markazi asosii iqtisodiyu siyosi va madanii Britaniyai Kabir va hamchunin buzurgtarin shahri iqtisodiyu maorifii jahon ba shumor meravad. Yake az shahrhoi seraholitarini dunyo buda, dar markazi khav­zai London va du tarafi sohili rezishgohi daryoi Tomna az sohili bahri dar balandii 5 metr voqe gashtaast.

Iqlimi London bahri. Haroratash miyonai yanvari +5,3 S, iyul +18,0° S, borishoti solona 645 mm. London yakjoya bo rayonhoi atrofi shahr Londoni Kalonro tashkil medihad, ki az 32 okrug va Siti ibo­rat ast. Masohatash 1,8 hazor km². Aholiash 8,7 mln. nafar dar soli 2017 tashkil kard. Organi idorai umumii shahri — Shuroi Londoni Kalon.

London tarikhi duhazorsola doshta, asrhoi 11—12 —poytakhti rasmii An­gliya bud. Asarhoi 17—18 London ba yake az bandarhoi kalontarini bahrii dunyo, markazi kaloni tijorati va moliyavi tabdil yoft. Ommai vasei London dar revolyusiyai burjuazii Angliya ro­li buzurg bozid. London markazi kalontarini harakathoi korgari, yake az manbahoi asosii korgari bud.

Soli 1847 dar London Kongresshoi 1-um va 2-yumi Ittifoqi kommunis­ton barguzor shud; soli 1864 Internatsinonali 1-um tasis yoft. A. I. Ger­tsen hamrohi N. P. Ogaryov solhoi 1857—65 gazetai «Kolokol»-ro nashr kardand. Asarhoi 19—20 dar L. K. Marks, F. Engels, V. I. Lenin kor va zindagi kardaand. Dar in jo sezdhoi 2-yum, 3-yum va 5-umi RSDRP barpo shuda budand. Soli 1902 dar London gazetai «Iskra» chop meshud.

LONDON DAR KhARITA

Dar London va atrofi on korkhonahoi gunoguni sanoati joy giriftaand: moshinsozi, korkardi metall (sanoati aviatsiya va avtomobilsozi, elektrotekhniki va elektroni, atomi, asbobsozi, tamiri kishtiho, istehsoli radioyu apparathoi telefon va gayra), kogazbarori, korkardi neft va poligrafi, khurokvori, tamoku, duzandagi, khimiya, chubgari, mebel va gayra, Sanoati London dar istehsoli mahsuloti sanoatii mamlakat roli kalon mebozad. Aeroportho: London (Khit­rou) va Gatuik. Sokhtmoni metroi London soli 1860 ogoz yofta dar dunyo qadimtarin ast.

Dar London Universiteti London, Universiteti Siti, Instituti politekhnikii Si­ti, Akademiyai sanati dramavii podshohi, Akademiyai musiqii podshohi, Maktabi baleti podshohi, Kitobkhonai muzei Britaniya, Kitobkhonai ilmii tekhnikii milli voqeand. London ziyoda az 30 muzey, az jumla Mu­zei Britaniya, Muzei ilmi, Muzei geologiya, Nigoristoni milli, Muzei bahrii milli, Teatri milli, teatrhoi opera va baleta «Kovent-Garden» va «Sedlers-Uells» va gayra dorad.

VIDEO DAR BORAI LONDON

Nohiyahoi asosii London: Siti — dar on bonkhoyu birjaho, idorahoi monopoliyahoi kalon, binoi parlament, muassisahoi hukumati va qarorgohi podshoh (qasri Bakingem) joi gi­riftaand. Uest-End — rayoni istiqomati va tijorati, Ist-End — ray­oni dokho va mahalli korgarnishin. Maydonhoi asosi: khiyobonhoi Leystver, Pakkadili — syorkus, Trafalgar va gayra meboshad.

YOdgorihoi memorii asrhoi 11— 10: qasri Tauer, dayri Vestminster, Kalisoi Hazrati Pavel, muzei Britanii, binoi parlament.