SOL

SOL, fosilai vaqtest, ki taqriban ba yak davri gardishi Zamin dar atrofi Oftob barobar meoyad. Az qadimulayyom in jonib du mafhumi Sol—soli shamsi (yo tabii) va soli qamari (yo istilohi) malum ast, ki zimnan dar bayni aksar khalqu kishvarhoi dunyo intishor yoftaast. Tavsifi ilmii in solhoro Aburayhoni Beruni dar nakhustin asari astronomi (ba tojiki) «At-tafhim zikr kardaast. Masalan, soli shamsiro chunin tarif dodaast: «Soli tabii iborat ast az on muddat, ki andar u yak bor gardishi garmo va sarmo va kishtu zeh ba tamomi buvad. Va ogozi in muddat az budani Oftob ast ba nuqtae afalakulburuj, to bad-u boz oyad. V-az in jihat ba Oftob mansub karda omad in sol. Va andozai u sesadu shastu panj ruz ast va qasri az jahoryaki ruz kamtar, chunon-k mo hameyobem, v-az chahoryaki ruz beshtar chunon-k peshinagon hameyoftand».

  Ba qadri inkishofi ilmu amaliya mafhumi Sol az peshtara dida khele vase shud. Dar in bayn dar astronomiya shash mafhumi Sol tashakkul yoft, ki har yake joy va mavridi istifoda dorad: 1) Soli sideri (sitoravi), ba yak gardishi namoyoni Oftob dar sferai osmon nisbat ba sitorahoi beharakat muvofiq meoyad; ba hisobi miyonai ba 365, 2564 shaboruzi oftobi barobar ast; 2) Soli tropiki fosilai vaqtest, ki dar on Oftob nuqtai etidoli bahoriro pay dar pay du marotiba meguzarad (365, 2422 shaboruz); 3) Soli anomali fosilai vaqtest, ki markazi Oftob az perigeni madori geosentriash pay dar pay du marotiba meguzarad (365, 2596 shaboruz); 4)           Soli tinnini gufta fosilai vaqtero menomand, ki Oftob girehi madori Moh (girehi faroz yo girehi nisheb)-ro dar ekliptika pay dar pay du marotiba tay mekunad (346, 6200 shaboruz). Dar kavsaynho davomati hamai Solho baroi soli 1900 ovarda shudaand; 5) Soli taqvimi, baroi solhoi muqarrari ba 365 shaboruz, baroi solhoi kabisa ba 366 shaboruz barobar ast; 6) Soli qamari ba 12 mohi sinodi (ba hisobi miyona 354, 367 shaboruz) barobar meboshad.

Nigared niz Solshumori, Taqvim.