ShOLOKhOV Mikhail Aleksandrovich

ShOLOKhOV Mikhail Aleksandrovich (24.5.1905, khutori Krujilin stanisai Vyoshenskaya, hozira r-ni Vyoshenskaya, vil. Rostov-21.2.1984, hamon jo), navisandai soveti  rus, akadem. AF SSSR (1939), du karat Qahramoni Mehnati Sosialisti (1967-80). Az oilai dehqon. Azoi KPSS az s.1932. Azoi KM KPSS az s.1961. Dar maktabi nazdi kaliso va gimnaziya tahsil kardaast. Dar Jangi grajdani ishtirok namudaast. S.1922 ba Moskva omada, ba rabfak  dokhil shud. Nashri hikoyahoi Sh. dar gazetavu jurnalho az s.1923 ogoz yoft. Hikoyoti avvalinash dar majmaahoi «Hikoyahoi Don» va «Dashti lojuvardgun» (har du 1926) gird omadaand. Mavzui onho jangi grajdani dar Don, muborizai sinfi, orzui mardum dar borai jahoni nav bud.

S. 1925   ba navishtani romani jahonshumuli «Doni orom» (kitobhoi 1-4, 1928-40); Mukofoti davlatii SSSR, 1941 tarj.tojiki (1956-60) shuru kard. Goyai asosii in roman qonuniyati tarikhii inkishofi zindagist. Az in ru syujet, kompozisiya, bandu bast va farogirii voqeaho dar on murakkab va domanador meboshad. Dar romani «Doni orom» ananahoi asari kalonhajmi epiki ejodkorona idoma yoftaand. Qahramoni asar khalq ast. Jahoni shoironai Sh. jahoni fojiai olist ki dar on shakhsiyathoi purzuru tavono dar lahzahoi muhimi tarikh amal mekunand. Yake az inguna shakhson qahramoni in asar Grigoriy Melekhov meboshad. Navisanda kharakteri uro bo kulli hissiyotash dar sharoithoi mukhtalif ba qalam dodaast. Hangomi ruydodhoi jiddii tarikhi Grigoriy Melekhovro zarurati intikhobi rohi oyandai hayot pesh meoyad. Melekhov az bahri dunyoi kukhna baromadaast, vale hayoti navro, k ibo mushkilot, mashaqqatu muborizahoi khunin shakl megirift fahmida natavonista dar natija dar chorrahai tarikh mond. Vay tavassuti tasviri qismatu rohi zindagii Grigoriy Melekhov  dar inkishofi metodi realizmi sosialisti hissai arzanda guzosht.

«Zamini koramshuda» (kitobhoi 1-2, 1932-60; Mukofoti Lenini 1960; tarj. Tojiki 1934; 1965) epopeyaest, dar borai s-hoi 30 vadigargunihoi revolyusioni dar dehot. Kitobi yakumi roman, ki dar on  qahramononi bisyore amal mekunand, oid ba masalai tashkili kolkhoz dar dehai Gremyachiy bahs mekunad. Dar on jarayoni digargunihoi ijtimoi, barham khurdani shaklhoi kuhnai molikiyati khususi, tashakuli munosibathoi navi ijtimoi khele barjasta tasvir yoftaand. Sh. ba vositai obrazhoi kommuniston Davidov, Razmetnov va Nagulnov mohiyati muhimtarin hodisahoi tarkhiro oshkor kardaast. Dar kitobi duyum, ki voqeahoi on nisbatan orom jarayon giriftaand, janbai liriki quvvat yoftaast.

Solhoi Jangi Buzurgp Vatani (1941—45), ocherkhoi Sh. «Dar Don», «Dar Janub», «Kazakho» va g. ba tab rasidand. Makhsusan hikoyai «Darsi kinavu adoaat» (1942; tarj. toj. 1942) shuhrati ziyod (yoft. S-hoi 1943—44 dar g-hoi «Pravda» va «Krasnaya

Zvezda» bobhoi judogonai romani «Onho dar rohi Vatap mejangidand» (tarj. toj. in bobho, 1949) chop shudand varianti nav —1960). Sh. dar in roman zindagii purtashvishi mardumi sovetiro dar aqibgoh, sahnahoi kornamoihoi askaroni sovetiro dar maydoni jang, umuman qahramoni tamomi odamoni sovetiro dar davran Jangi Bueurgi Vatani tasvir kardaast.

Hikoyai «Qismati odam» (1956—57; tarj. toj. 1958) dar adabiyoti soveti asari marhilavie gardid. Dar on qissai fojiavii zindagii qahramoni acap — Andrey Sokolov vobasta

ba voqeoti jang, ki dar hayoti khalq, davlat va ashkhosi judogona sanjishi buzurgi tarikhi  bud, mavridi tadqiq qaror giriftaast. Goyai markzini hikoya bovari ba galabai quvvahoi nek, odamiyat, sokhti peshqadami ijtimoi va tavsifi dilovariyu qahramoni meboshad.

Sh. hamchun ustodi marufi metodi realizmi sosialisti dar inkishofi sanatu adabiyoti umumijahoni hissai arzanda dorad.

Nufuzi asarhoi Sh. dar bayni khonandagoni tojik va tasiri onho ba adabiyoti realistii tojik khele kalon asg. Sadriddin Ayni muharriri tarjumai tojikii «Zamini koramshuda» bud. Dar «Gulomon»-i S. Ayni tasiri in asari Sh. dida meshavad.

Jalol Ikromi yakumin romani khud «Shodn»-ro dar zeri tasiri «Zamini koramshuda» talif namudaast.

Sh. deputati Soveti Olii SSSR (Davathoi 1-10), azoi Soveti Umumijahonii Sulh, doktori fakhrii ilmhoi filologiyai unt-hoi Rostovi Don va Leypsig, doktori fakhrii huquqi un-ti Sent-Andrus bud. Bo 5 ordeni Lenin, 2 ordeni dig. va medalho mukofotonida shudaast. Laureati mukofoti Nobeli (1965).

Os.: AS. munt., j-hoi 1—8, D., 1978—l981.

Ad: Muosiri buzurgi mo. Majmuai maqolaho. D-1975; Yakimenko  L. Tvorchestvo M. A. Sholokhova. M„ 1977.