SOBUN

  SOBUN, namakhoi kislotahoi charbii kalonmolekula (nigared Kislotahoi karbon). Dar istehsolot va ruzgor omekhtai namakhoi dar ob halshavandai kislotahoi karboniro bo baze moddahoi digar, ki doroi khosiyati tozakuniand, Sobun (yo Sobuni moli) menomaid. Asosi in omekhtahoro odatan namakhoi natriydori (bazan kaliy va ammoniy) kislotahoi charbii ser va nosere, ki dar molekulaashon 12—18 atomi karbon dorand (stearin, palmitin, miristin, laurin va olein), tashkil medihand. Aksar namakhoi kislotahoi nafteni va ziftro ba Sobun mansub medonand. Bino ba malumoti Plinii kalon hanuz gallho va rimihoi qadim khokistari rastani, ohak va ishqorhoi tabiiro bo charbu omekhta Sobun tayyor menamudand. Baze malumotho oid ba Sobun dar asarhoi dukhturi rimi Galen (asri 2 milod) niz dida meshavand. Vale Sobunro chun vositahoi kozuri nisbatan badtar istifoda meburdagi shudand. Sanoati sobunpazi asri 19 bunyod gardid. Sanoati sobunpazii hozira navhosh gunoguni Sobunro tayyor mekunand. Az jihati istifoda Sobunho se khel (Sobunii jomashui, Sobunii dastshui va Sobuni tekhniki) va az jihati konsistensiya boshad, onho sakht, moe, perm va khokamonand meshavand.

Sobunro bo rohi ba charbuhoi neytraln tasir namudani ishqori khuranda yo neytralizatsiyai kislotahoi charbi bo ishqorhoi khuranda yo khud karbonatdor hosil mekunand. Ashyoi asosii istehsoli Sobun  charbui hayvonotu rastaniho, kislogai charbii sintezi, kanifol, kislotahoi nafteni va gayra meboshand. Dar obhoi durusht qobiliyati shuyandagiash sust meshavad, chunki dar in holat namakhoi dar ob halnashavandai kalsiy va magniy hosil meshavand.