SANATI MONUMENTALI

SANATI MONUMENTALI, yak navi sanati plastiki, ki on vobasta ba muhiti konkretii memori ofarida meshavad. Bo mazmuni goyaviyu badei, arkhitektonika, rangubor va mohiyati manaviash az digar namudi sanat farq karda, doroi mundarijai boy, shakli tamimi va andozai muayyan meboshad. Sanati monumentali yodgoriyu monumentho, asarhoi haykaltaroshi, rassomi, mozayka (khotamkori), vitraj, oroishi imorat, khiyobon, gulgasht, favvora va gayraro dar bar megirad. On dar memori mohiyati goyavii bino, ansambl yo muhiti muayyaii memoriro quvvat medihad. Dar davrai atiqa va Ehyo namunahoni barjastai Sanati monumentali (Parfenon haykalhoi Fidiy, freskahoi Rafael, tasvirhoi ruidevorii Mikelanjelo va gayra) goyahoi insonparvariro targib menamudand. Dar a-hoi 18—19 asarhoi monumentalii haykaltaroshi, memori va rassomii rus sarshori gumanizm, ruhbalandi va ideali olii insoni budand (loihai Qasri Kremli Moskva, memor I. Bajenov; binoi Admiralteystvo dar Peterburg, memor A. D. Za- kharov, haykali Minin va Pojarskiy dar Moskva, haykaltarosh I. P. Martos va digar).

Dar asrhoi 19—20 bo tasiri madaniyati burjuazi dar Sanati monumentali, raviyahoi individualizm, shaklparasti va kushishhoi ofaridani asarhoi gayrirealisti quvvat girift. Dar davrai Hokimiyati Soveti Vladimir Ilich Lenin ba Sanati monumentali etibori kalon doda, tadbirhoi rivoj dodani propagandai monumentaliro ba miyon guzosht. Haykaltaroshon, rassomon va memoroni Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti Soyuz Sovetskikh Sosialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR namunahoi olii Sanati monumentaliro ofaridand. Maqbari Vladimir Ilich Lenin dar Moskva, monument ba sharafp jangovaroni soveti dar Berlin, yodgori — ansambli Qurgoni Mamay dar Volgograd, Qabriston — muzei memorialii Piskaryov dar Le- ningrad va gayra doroi mundarijai balandi goyaviyu badeiyand. Tasvirhoi ruidevorii Afrosiyob, Varakhsha, Panjakent va Shahriston bozyofthoi Tuproqqala va gayra az tarikhi hazorsola, ansamblhoi memorii asrhoi 14—19 Osiyoi Miyona (Shohi Zinda, Guri Miri Samarqand, Registoni Bukhoro va gayra) az tashakkul va inkishofi Sanati monumentali dar in sarzamin guvohi medihand. Dar solhoi Hokimiyati Soveti dar Dushanbe, Leninobod, Kulob va gayra asarhoi jolibi Sanati monumentali ofarida shudand. Haykali yodgorii Ru- daki (birinji, haykaltarosh F. P. Abdurahmonov, memor M. A. Huseynov), haykalhoi yodgorii Ayni va Abualii Sino (haykaltarosh O. G. Eldarov, memoron R. J. Karimov va A. P. Agaronov), lavhai khotiravi ba jangovaroni soveti—ishtirokchiyoni Jangi Buzurgi Vatani, ki dar gospitalhoi Dushanbe vafot kardaand (memor B. A. Zuhuriddinov va digar), tolori Khonai maorifi siyosi (memoron E. V. Erzovskiy, Yu. L. Parkhov, rassom S. Qurbonov va digar)—hamaash dar Dushanbe va gayra az rivojyobii Sanati monumentali dar To- jikiston guvohi medihand.