ShANBALID

ShANBALID, guli shanbalid, shamlit, shambalid, shanbala, khasbeda (Trigonella foenum-graecum), giyohi yaksolaest az oilai lubiyoiho. Az 10 to 70 sm qad mekashad. Bargash dumchador (daroziash 4,5—5,5 sm), murakkab (az bargchaho iborat ast), gulash parvonashakli zard, bui khosae dorad.

Firdavsi guftaast:

Zi nazdik chun tarki Rustam bidid,

Va rukhsor shud chun guli shanbalid.

Gilofakash 10—20-tukhmai kushoddashavandai zugutashakl (daroziash 6—11 sm), nugash darafshmonandi kame kaj (changakshakl), zard, tukhmash gird (daroziash 2—5 mm). Apr.— iyun gul mekunad, iyun—iyul tukhm mebandad.

Shanbalidro dar bisyor mamlakathoi Sharq, az jumla Tojikiston meparvarand. Shanbalid dar baze nohiyahoi respublikaamon (vodii Zarafshon va Tojikistoni Sharqi) khudruy shudaast.

Shanbalid giyohi doruii qadimist. Onro Disquridus (Dioskorid; a. 1 m.) va Aburayhoni Beruni chun giyohi dorui nom burdaand. Dar dorunomai 8 mamlakati dunyo qayd shudaast. Dar fitoterapiya (tabobati naboti) bo Shanbalid chillaashur (pellagra)-ro, ki az norasoii vitamini RR ruy medihad, inchunin kasalihoi pust (dunbal, qubo va g.)-ro muolija mekunand. Dar tibbi chekhho tukhmi Shanbalid (Semen boen-graeci) dorui ziddi balgami va iltihobi hisob msyobad.

Shanbalid (poyai navkhezu bargash)-ro chun sabzavoti stemol mekunand. Tukhmashro hamchun khurish ba taom meandozand. Bazan ba ord ham hamroh karda non mepazand.

Tukhmi Shanbalid 0,39% alkaloidi trigonellin, 3,5—18 mg% vitamini R, saponinho, payvasthoi steroidi, qarib 0,3% ravgani efir, 30—38% luob va g. dorad.

Ad.: Yordanov D. [va dig.] Fitoterapiya, Sofiya, 1972; Flora Tadjikskoy SSR, t. 5. L., 1978. M. Xojimatov.