ShAKKOKIYa

ShAKKOKIYa (ar.     — shakkoki, nobovari, shubha), skeptisizm, jarayoni falsafiest, ki ba imkoniyati marifati voqeiyati obektivi bovari nadorad. Muvofiqi talimoti Shakokiya odam ba darki sababi hodisaho qodir nest, lekin oqibati onhoro donistanu ba etibor giriftanash mumkin ast. Shakkokiyon ba marifati mohiyati ashyo va kasbi donishi mutamad shubha doshtand, vale faoliyati oqilonai amalii insonro inkor namekardand.

Shakkokiya hamchun sistemai aqoidi falsafi dar a. 4 to m. dar Yunoni Qadim tashakkul yoft. Asosguzori on Pirron (365—275) bud. Minbad Shakkokiya dar doirai Akademiyai Aflotuni nufuz paydo kard. Namoyandagoni mashhuri Shakkokiya Timon, Arkesilay, Karnead, Enesidem, Agrippa budand. Dar asrhoi avvali melod Shakkokiya dar falsafai rimi vase intishor yoft. Faoliyati okhirin namoyandai in jarayon S. Empirik taqr. ba nimai duyumi a. 2 va ibt. a. 3 rost meoyad.

Shakkokiya hamchun aqoidi falsafi dar davrai tanazzuli munosibathoi ijtimoii sokhti gulomdori va barham khurdani idealhoi on ba vujud omad. On faqat ifodakunandai kushishi omma baroi istiqloli «ijimoi bud va onhoro ba tamkinu ataraksiya (forigboli) hidoyat mekard. Shakkokiya ba ataraksiya rasidanro yak nav kayfiyat yo kamoli saodat tavsif menamud. Az in ru, on va nafaqat talimoti falsafi, balki ravoniyu (psikhologi) pedadogi niz meboshad.

Mazmuni asosii Shakkokiya az tanqidi talimoti mukhtalifi sistemahoi mutazodi falsafi iborat ast. Shakkokiya ba in qabil sistemaho tasavvuroti muqarrariro biduni isboti boetimodii haqiqatashon muqobil meguzosht. Zero payravonash chunin mepindoshtand, ki ba faro rasidani ataraksiya az talimoti falsafi dida tasavvuroti muqarrari beshtar tasir merasonad. Dar asrhoi miyona Shakkokiya janbai muhimi falsafai tasavvuf qaror girift. Ahli tasavvuf imkoniyathoi marifatii ahli insonro inkor mekardand. Ananai sufiyonro Muhammadi Razoli davom dod. Shakkokiya dar talimoti Umari Khayyom va Hofizi Sherozi mayli ozodandeshi paydo kard. Shakkokiyai onho, ki natijai sayi darki asrori vujud va sharhi mohiyati maqsadi zindagii inson bud, zuhuroti etiroz ba muqobili ahkomi shari hisob meshud.

Falsafai a-hoi to—17 niz sarshori ruhi Shakkokiya ast. M. Monten, P. Beyl (1647—1706) munkiri haqiqati dini shuda, ozodii aqoidi mazhabiro targib mekardand. Dekart Shakkokiyaro hamchun usuli daryofti tafovuti bayni haqiqatu ishtiboh va donishi mutamadu nosaheh istifoda burdaasg. D. Yum Shakkokiyaro bo agnostisizm yakson medonad.

Ad.: Empirik S., Soch. n dvukh tomakh M., 1970; Laertiy D., O jizni. ucheniyakh i izrecheniyakh znamenitikh filosofom, m., 1970; Asmus F, v., Antichinaya filosofiya, M., 1976.