SADOVSKIYHO

SADOVSKIYHO, oilai aktyoroni rus, ki dar inkishofi realizmi sahnavii rus hissai arzanda guzoshtaast. Prov Mikhayloviche, (familiyai ashiash Ermilov) (23. 10. 1818, Livni—28. 7. 1872, Moskva). Badi favti padar dar tarbiyai tagohoyash G. V. va D. V. Sadovskiy— aktyoroni namoyoni muzofoti bud (takhallusi Sadovskiyho az hamin jost). Soli 1832 ba dastai teatrii Tula, qabul shud. Dar teatrhoi Kaluga, Ryazan, Voronej, Qazon va digar shahrho baromad mekard. Soli 1839 bo dastgirii M. S. Shepkin dar sahnai Teatri Khurd hunarnamoi kard. Istedodi hajvofarii u dar hamin teatr zohir gardid (pesahoi «Zangiri» va «Mufattish»-i N. Gogol, rolhoi Podkolyosin, Osip). Jihathoi digari mahorati aktyor beshtar dar pesahoi A. N. Ostrovskiy, ki u targibkunandai ejodiyoti in dramaturg bud, kushoda shud: Dikoy («Radu barq», 1859), Kurospelov («Dili suzon», 1869), Lyubim Torsov («Kambagali ayb nest», 1854) va gayra. Dar komediyahoi Moler, Shekspir, Kalderoy, inchunin operaho ishtirok dosht. Ovozi khushohangu talaffuzi burro ba u dar obrazofary kumaki kalnm mekardand. Aktyor khususiyati millii obraz, kharakteru jahoni botinii qahramonashro bo yak samimiyati khos, tabii va bovaribakhsh mekushod. Muallifi yak qator hikoyahoi hajvist. Mikhail Provovich Sadovskiy (24. 11. 1847, Moskva—8. 8. 1910, hamon jo), pisari Prov Mikhaylovich Sadovskiy Bo madadi padar va A. N. Ostrovskiy omodai sahna gardid. Solhoi 1867—1869 dar spektaklhoi «Mahfili artistog» ishtirok doshta, az soli 1869 dar Teatri Khurd hunarnamoi kardaast. Dar pesahot Ostrovskiy ziyoda az 60 rol ofaridaast. Az jumla: Schastlivsev («Jangal»), Murzavetskiy («Gurgon va gusfandon»), Andrey Belugin («Izdivoji Belugin»), Karandishev («Bejihoz») va gayra. Hamchun davomdihandai rohi padar dar sanati teatrii rus az khud naqshi faromushnoshudanie guzoshtaast. U az digaron bo nutqi sahnavii jolib, sanati haqiqatan khalqi va samimiyat farq mekard. Mavzui asosii ejodiyotash qismati hamzamonon, odamoni oddi, bekasukuy va siyahtole bud. Muallit yak silsila ocherku hikoyahost. Mutarjimi pesahoi Rasin, Bomarshe, Goldoni, Gossi (dar Teatri Khurd guzoshta shudaand). Dar Omuzishgohi musiqivu dramavii Jamiyati filarmonii Moskva va Omuzishgohi teatrii Moskva dars guftaast. Olga Osipjovna S. (familiyai khudash Lazareva) (25. 6. 1849, Moskva—8. 12. 1919, hamon jo), zavjai Mikhail Provovich Sadovskiy Az padarash—saroyandai dastai operavii teatrhoi imperatorii Moskva mahorati musiqidoniyu ovozkhoniro omukhta, ba surudhoi khalqi tavajjuhi khos dosht. Dar ibtido — azoi dastai «Mahfili artiston». Soli 1879 avvalin bor dar sahnai Teatri Khurd baromad karda, soli 1881 ba hayati on qabul shud. Sadovskiy obrazhoi zindai savdogarzanho, meshankho va dehqonzanhoro ofaridaast. Hamchun aktrisai namoyoni teatri Ostrovskiy obrazhoyashro tabii, bovaribakhsh ofarida, jihathoi gunoguni onro tavassuti ovozi purtobish, dialoghoi nishonras mekushod. Rolhoi behtarini u dar pesahoi Ostrovskiy; Anfusa Tikhonovna («Gurgon va gusfandon», 1893), Mavra Tarasovna («Haqiqat khub ast, ammo saodat avlotar», 1897), Galchikha («Gunahkoroni begunoh», 1884) va gayra; Matryona («Dar zulmot»-i L. Tolstoy, 1895), grafzan Khryumina («Dod az dasti aql»-i S. Griboedov, 1899) hamchunin az rolhoi behtarini uyand. Zakharovna az spektakli «Muisafed»- i Gorkiy (1899) roli okhirshsh Sadovskiy bud. Ba sanati u K. S. Stanislavskiy, V. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko, A. P. Lenskiy bahoi baland dodaand. Elizaveta
M i kh a y l o v n a Sadovskiy (5. 5. 1872, Moskva —4. 6. 1934, hamon jo), dukhtari Olga Osinovna va Mikhail Provovich S. Dar sahna (to barhayot budani modarash) uro Sadovskayai 2-yum nom meburdand. Soli 1894, pas az khatmi kurshoi dramavii nazdi Omuzishgohi teatrii Moskva, ba Teatri Khurd qabul shud. Glafira az «Gurgon va gusfandon»-i Ostrovskiy roli behtarini Sadovskiy hisob meyobad. Rolhoi digari Sadovskiyho: Snegurochka, Poliksena, Yuliyajon, Verajon, Varvara («Snegurochka», «Haqiqat khub ast, ammo saodat avlotar», «Joi daromadnok», «Maskharabozon» va «Radu barq»-i A. Ostrovskiy), Marya Antonovna («Mufattish »-i N. Gogol), Liza («Dod az dasti aql»-i S. Griboedov )g, Syuzanna («Zangirii Figaro»-i P. Bomarshe). Prov Mikhayloviche. (21. 8. 1874, Moskva —4. 5. 1947, hamon jo), Art. Khalqii SSSR (1937). Pisari Olga Osipovna va Mikhail Provovich S. Kurshoi dramavii Omuzishgohi teatrii Moskvaro khatm karda, soli 1895 ba Teatri khurd qabul shud. Hanuz az rolhoi avvalinash (Mizgir — «Snegurochka»-i A. Ostrovskiy, Chatskiy — «Dod az dasti aql»-i S. Griboedov, Merkutsio — «Romeo va Juletta»-n U. Shekspir va gayra) istedodi barkamoli u zohir gasht. Makhsusan ba ofaridani obrazi odamoni qaviirodavu matin beshtar muvaffaq megardid: Gokon («Johtalabi»-i G. Ibsen) Berkutov («Gurgon va gusfandon»-i A. Ostrovskiy) va gayra. Roli komissar Koshkin az pesai «Lyubov Yarovaya»-i K. Trenyov (1926), ki tajassumi obrazi kommunist Sobitqadam ast, ba tarikhi teatri soveti hamchun voqeai muhimme dokhil shudaast. Rolhoi behtarinash: Rasstyogin («Dar sohili Neva»-i K. Trenyov) Neschastlivsev («Jangal»-i Ostrovskiy), Famusov («Dod az dasti aql»-i S. Griboedov) va gayra. Chun rejissyor chand pesa tahiya kardaast. Laureati Mukofoti davlatii SSSR (1943). Bo du ordeni Lenin va medalho mukofotonida shudaast. Dar Teatri Khurd holo nnho hunarnamoi mekunand: pisari Prov Mikhaylovich Sadovskiyh— Prov Provovich Sadovskiy (tavvlludash 1926) va jiyani Prov Mikhaylovich—Artisti Khizmatnishondodai RSFSR (1949) Mikhail Mikhaylovich Sadovskiyho (tavalludash 1909).
Ad.: Semya Sadovskikh, mach. tahti tahriri Vl. Filippov, M.—L., 1039.