RUShDIYa

RUShDIYa (arabi) jarayoni falsafiest, ki namoyandagonash talimoti ba materializm moili mutafakkiri asri 12 arabi andalusi Ibni Rushdro (1126—1198) takmil va inkishof dodaand. Rushdiya abadilyati olam, qonuniyati tabiii ruy dodani hodisaho, fanopazirii nafsi fardi, ba amri zarurat tobe budani afoli odam va ba donistani ashyovu hodisahoi juzi qodir nabudani khudoro etirof mekunad. Payravoni Rushdiya ba vositai nazariyai dugenagii haqiqat ilmro az imon va falsafaro az ilohiyot judo karda, baroi az tasiri dinu ilohiyot rahonidani ilmu falsafa say namudaand. Tufayli in kushishho tamoyuli ziddiilohiyoti Rushdiya bo tabiri F. En¬gels hamon «ozodfikrii zindadilona», ki az arabho ba khalqhoi ro¬mani guzashta, materializmi asri 18-ro tayyor karda bud (K. Marks, F. En¬gels. Asarhoi muntakhab, j. 2 Du¬shanbe, 1905, sah. 60)’, purquvvat rapdid.
Bo tasiri goyavii Ibni Rushd jarayoni rushdiyai lotini tashakkul yoft, ki on dar payvastagi bo ananahoi mahallii avrupoi sistemai khossai materialistiro ba miyon ovard. Rushdiya az hama peshtar ba Universiteti Parij roh yofta, ideologiyai ba ilohiyoti rasmi mukholifro tashakkul dod. Namoyandai barjastai Rushdiya Sigeri Brabanti (vafotash 1282) bud, ki talimoti uro az mavqei mazhabi katoliki Alberti Buzurg (1193— 1280) va Fomai Akvini (vafotash 1274) rad kardaand. Okhirin namoyandai Pushdiyai Universiteti Parij Jan Janden (vafotash 1328) bud.
Dar Germaniya Rushdiya dar aqoidi irfonii Ekhart Mayster zohir shuda¬ast. Dar Italiya goyahoi Ibni Rushd avval dar Universiteti Boloniya pahn shud. Tadeoi Parmi va Anjelo d’Aretso rushdiyoni mashhuri Universiteti Poloniya budand, ki faoliyatashon dar ibtidoi asri 14 jarayon yoftaast. Dere naguzashta Rushdiya ba Universiteti Paduya kuchid, ki on vaqt markazi hayoti manavii tamomi Italiyai shimolu sharqi hisob meshud. Paolo Veneto (1368-1428). Gaztanoi Tieni (1387— 1405). Alessandro Akillini (vafotash 1520). Marko Antonio Dzimara (1550-1031) az zumrai rushdiyoni Paduya budand. Sababi nufuzi bardavomi (to okhiri asri 17) on budaast, ki az asri 15 cap karda vay nisbat ba din mavqei betarafona va hatto sozishkoronaro ishgrl karda, ba ideologiyai hukmron chandon khatare nameovardaast.
Ad.: Rena i P., Averroes i a perro¬nom, Kiev, 1902; Ley G., Ocherk istorii srednevekovogo materializma, M., 1962; Saga lee v A. V,, Ibn-Rushd (Averroes), M., 1973; R a b i n o v i ch
V. L., Ibi Rushd i tradisii Averroizma, M., 1074.
N. Qulmatov.