REPIN Ilya Efimovich

REPIN  Ilya Efimovich (5. 8. 1844, Chuguev, viloyati Kharkov — 20. 0. 1030, Kuokkala, Finlyandiya, hozira Repino, viloyati Leningrad), rassom va grafiki rus. Az oilai khizmatchii harbi. Dar Peterburg, dar maktabi rasmkashii Jamiyati tashviqi rassomon, nazdi I. N. Kramskov (okhiri soli 1863), Akademiyai Rassomii Peterburg I (1864—71) tahsil namudaast. Yake az ishtirokchiyoni vistavkahoi sayyori asarhoi sanati tasviri (az soli 1878). Azoi haqiqii Akademiyai Rassomii Peterburg (1803). Solhoi 1860, asosan, dar mavzuhoi ananavii sanati akademii rassomii on zamon va portretu musavvaraho quvvaozmoi kardaast. Mushohidakori, mahorat va hissiyoti balandi Repin dar nakhustin portrethoi ofaridaash ba nazar merasand: portrethoi V. E. Repin (1867, Nigoristoni Tretyakov), R. D. Khloboshin (1868), V. A. Shevsova (1869— hardu dar Muzei Rus); silsilai portrethoi «Bastakoroni slavyan», (1871—72, Konservatoriyai Moskva). Solhoi 70 Repin hamchun rassomi demokrat prinsipi khalqiyati ejodiyoti badeiro dastgiri namuda, bar ziddi sanati akademii az hayot dur mebaroyad. Badi safari Volga Repin musavvarai muhtashami «Burlakho dar Volga»-ro (1870—73, Muzei Rus) meofarad, ki dar on istismori berahmonai mardumi avom va quvvai buzurgi nihonii khalqro ifoda menamoyad. Hangomi dar Italiya va Fransiya budanash «Qahvakhonai Parij» (1874—75, muzei shakhsii Monson, Stokgolm), «Sadko dar qalamravi shohi bahr». (1876, Muzei Rus), «Rohi Monmartr dar Parij» (1876, Nigoristoni Tretyakov) barin asarhoro ejod namuda, jihathoi gunoguni zindagii parijihoro tasvir namudaast. Solhoi 1870—80 davrai ser-mahsultarini ejodiyoti Repin ba shumor meravad. Vay beshtar ba mavzui dehqonon ruy meorad («Guselkunii askarbachaho» (1870, Muzei Rus; «Bazmi shabona» 1881, Nigoristoni Tretyakov). In asarho zaminai ustuvoro baroi kushodani hayoti hamzamononi Repin gardid («Yurishi ahli salib dar guberniyai Kursk», 1880— 83). In asar nochizii sokhti mavjuda va ruhbalandii stikhiyavii khalqi zahmatkashu firoftashuda, vale tavonovu buzurgro ifoda menamoyad. Repin solhoi 80 dar mavzui harakathoi revolyutsioni bisyor kor karda, ehtiromi khudro nisbat ba revolyutsioneron izhor kardaast. U dar simoi onho muborizoni rohi khushbakhtii khalqro dida, janbahoi purquvvatu susti harakathoi revolyutsioni-demokratii raznochineshoro nishon dodaast («Gardankashi az tavba», 1879 —85, «Habsi targibotchi», 1880—92, «Nigaron nabudand», 1884—88 — hamaash dar Nigoristoni Tretyakov). Solhoi 70—80 Repin portrethoi bisyor khube ofaridaast, ki dar onho psikhologizmi chuqur, muhabbat nisbat ba inson va jihathoi demokratii sanati in rassomi buzurg zohir shudaast (portrethoi V. V. Stasov, 1873, A. F. Pisemskiy, 1880, M. P. Musorgskiy, 1881, N. I. Pirogov, 1881, A. I. Delvig, 1882, L. N. Tolstoy, 1887— hamaash dar Nigoristoni Tretyakov). Repin inchunin dar ofaridani mu-savvarahoi tarikhi istedodi behamto dosht. Tavajjuhi u ba guzashta tavassuti masalahoi peshguzoshtai zamon jarayon megirift. Diqqati Repinro shakhsiyathoi maruf, ki qismati onho ba voqeahoi buzurgi tarikhi aloqamandand, ba khud mekashid («Shohdukhtar Sofya», 1870, «Ivan Grozniy va pisari u Ivan», 1885— har du dar Nigoristoni Tretyakov). «Zaporojiho ba sultoni turk noma menavisand» (1878—91, Muzei Rus) okhirin asari tarikhii Repin bud, ki qahramoni markazii on — khalqi ozodikhoh baroi behbudii khud mardonavor istodagari mekunad. Behtarin asarhoi solhoi 1800—1900-umi Repin portrethoi grafiki (portreti E. Duze, 1801, Nigoristoni Tretyakov) va portret-etyudho ba asari buzurghajmi portretii «Majlisi botantanai Soveti davlati» (bo hamkorii B. M. Kustodiev vya I. S- Kulikov. 1901-, Muzei Rus) meboshand. Ejodiyoti Repin yake az qullahoi balandi sanati demokratii rus buda, bo khalqiyati amiq va aloqai mustahkamash bo goyahoi peshqadami zamon farq mekunad. Repin solhoi 1894— 1907 dar Akademiyai Rassomi dars doda (1898—09 rektor), yak qator rassomoni namoyon: I. I. Brodskiy, I. E. Grabar, D. N Kardovskiy, B. M. Kustodiev va bisyor digar qalamkashonro tarbiya namudaast.