RELEF dar geografiya

RELEF (fransavi, az lotini — mebardoram), dar geografiya, majmui nohamvorihoi khushki va qari bahru uqyonushoro guyand, ki az jihati tarh, andoza, paydoish, sinn va tarikhi inkishof nihoyat gunogunand. Shaklqoi Relef musbat yo ki barjasta (balandiho, kuhho va gayra) va manfi yo furukhamida (khamiho, vodihoi daryo va gayra) meshavand. Relefro vobasta ba andozai shaklhoyash ba m e- garelef, makrorelef, mezorelef va mikrorelef taqsim mekunand.

Ba megarelef nohamvorihoi ba hama kalontarini rui Zamin — barjastagii materikho va pastkhamihoi uqyonusho; ba makrorelef qatorkuhhoi khushkiyu zeri uqyonusho; ba mezorelef vodiho; ba mikrorolef chuqurihoi karsti, talu teppahoi khurd va gayra mansuband. In taqsimot shartist, zero ki hududi miqdorii bayni kategoriyahoi nombarshuda aniq muayyan nashudaast.  Relef az tasiri quvvahoi endogeni ^; (tektoniki) va ekzogeni (obhoi ravon, shamol, yakhhoi harakatkunanda va gayra) ba vujud meoyad. Ammo in quvvaho ziddi yakdigar amal mekunand. Masalan, dar prosesshoi endogeni no- hamvoriho (pastiyu balandiho)-i kaloni rui Zamin paydo meshavand. Dar natijai prosesshoi ekzogeni boshad, balandiho vayron va toraft past shuda, ba qismho judo meshavand, chuqurihoro obovardho pur me- kunand. Relefhoi kalontarin hanuz dar erai mezozoy az harakathoi tektonikii qishri Zamin ba amal omadaand. Inkishofi shakli hozirai rui Zamin dar miyonahoi mezozoy va kaynozoy niz davom dosht. Ammo dar shakl giriftani relefi hozira makhsusan harakathoi navtarini davrahoi neogen va chorumini qishri Zamin (taqriban 25 million soli okhir) ahamiyati ziyode dorand. Prosesshoi ekzogenii davrai chorumin — harakati piryakhho, tagyiryobii sathi bahr, eroziyai daryoho va gayra ba morfostrukturai khushki va qari uqyonus tasiri halkunanda rasondaand. Bo tadqiqi Relef ilmi geomorfologiya mashgul ast.

Adabiyot: Sh u k i n I. S., Obshaya geomorfologiya, 2 izdanie, tom 1—3, Moskva, 1960—74: Nikolaev N. I., Neoteitonika i eyo virajenie v strukture i relefe territorii Soyuz Sovetskikh Sosialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR, Moskva, 1962; Kostenko N. P., Razvitie relefa gornikh stran (na primere Sredney  Azii), Moskva, 1970.