REKVIEM

REKVIEM, surudest dar motami marhumon. Bastakoroni evropoi avval Rekviemro dar shakli asari khorii silsilavii bisyorovoza (kapella — dar asosi ohangi khorali grigoryani) me-ofaridand. Dar asrhoi 17—18 Rekviem hamchun asari kalon baroi khor, solist va orkestr mamul gasht, ki on ba ohangi khorali grigoryani vobastagie nadosht; dar qatori vositai polifoni (bisyorovozi) vasoiti gomofoniya (ovozi mufrad)-i garmoniyavi niz istifoda meshud. Rekviemi Mosart (1791), ki onro shogirdash F. Zyusmayr ba okhir rasonid, ahamiyati umumijahoni paydo namud. Dar asri 19 bastakoron L. Kerubini, F. List, A. Brukner, A. Dvorjak va digar ba janri Rekviem asarho ejod kardaand. Dar in davra makhsusan asari Brams «Rekviemi nemis» (1868) mavqei khose paydo namud. Matni in Rekviemho asosan mazmuni dini (liturgiyavi) dosht. Vale bastakoroni muosir Rekviemhoi khudro dar mavzuhoi nav meofarand. Dar bayni sunnathoe, ki to ahdi islom miyoni tojikon mamul budand, oini sugvory niz nufuz dosht; surudi motami yak juzvi hamin oin bud.